Normative leadership models normative leadership time-driven model

Learning Outcomes 1 – 5

5) Identify the path-goal leadership model styles and variables.

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8) Compare and contrast four major differences among the four contingency leadership models.

9) List which leadership models are prescriptive and
descriptive, and explain why they are classified as such.

• Recall, a leadership theory is an
explanation of some aspect of leadership.

> Theories have practical value because they help us better understand, predict, and control successful leadership.

Global Contingency Leadership

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o He believed leadership style is a reflection of personality and behavior, and that leadership styles are basically

constant.

Leadership Style and the LPC

• When using Fiedler’s model, first determine if your dominate leadership style is:
> Task-motivated, or

Situational Favorableness

o Empower followers – leaders can pass along power. o Autocrat – leaders with weak power can gain power.

• But the model has application as it can explain why some managers are
ineffective – no match of style to context.

• Robert Tannenbaum and Warren Schmidt developed a contingency theory – 1950’s.

> Focus is on who makes the decisions. See Exhibit 4.4.

Leadership Continuum Model

Before selecting one of the seven leadership styles, consider three variables: See Exhibit 4.5. > Boss – based on personality and behavior, some bosses are autocrats, some participative.

Path-Goal Leadership

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1. Clarifying follower’s path to the rewards, or

2. Increasing the rewards followers value/desire.

o

Situational Factors – Subordinate Subordinate situational characteristics are:

See Exhibit 4.7.

Path-Goal Leadership Styles

• The normative leadership model has a time-driven and development-driven decision tree that enables the user to select one of five leadership styles (decide, consult individually, consult group, facilitate, and delegate)
appropriate for the situation (seven
questions/variables) to maximize decisions.

• Consult Individually:
o Leader individually tells followers the problem, gets suggestions, and then decides.

• Consult Group:
o Leader holds group meeting, tells followers the problem, gets suggestions, and then decides.

Model Questions

Normative Leadership Models

3. Orientation – short-term.

• Normative leadership development-driven

time,

3. Orientation – long-term.

Appropriate Leadership Style

• To use the normative model, you must have a specific decision to make, the authority to make the decision and followers to participate in the decision.

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• Popular in the academic community.

o Contingency and normative leadership models.

• Descriptive leadership models identify contingency variables and leadership styles without specifying which style to use in a given situation.

Leadership Substitute Theory

• Variables which substitute or neutralize leadership:

1. Characteristics of followers,

Formalization, flexibility, cohesive work groups, etc.

• Leaders can change the situation rather than their style.

• Substitute leadership can be used to complement existing leadership.

• Research supports some aspects of the theory, other aspects remain untested.

• Critics say for many substitutes, the formal leader is merely replaced by similar
leadership behavior – so it still exists.

• contingency
leadership model

• descriptive
leadership models

• prescriptive
leadership models

• substitutes for leadership