Alphabet bet and numerical keys the main part the computer

System security:

A computer system has many numbers of security threads. The main objective of the system security is to provide protection of information. It also includes the development of security measures.

Spam: it refers to the spamming. In the case of security spam used to define email spam. Spam messages can contain infected links that can harm your system.

Network access control: to ensure the network security, access control should be limited or to be given only authorized members. For example, you could grant administrators complete access but refuse to access some important file and folders.

Antivirus/malware: Use some best antivirus and anti-malware software that will protect the network from worms, trojans and Ransome wares.

Wireless security: wireless networks are less secure than wired networks. It is easy to break wireless network so the wireless security must be strong enough. Use only that devices that provide the best security to the wireless network.

Forensics:

• Clear and short reporting

• Understanding of data

• Forensic Botany

• Forensic DNA analysis

Forensics science can be a challenging task for new students because it has a very vast area. It covers many subjects under one roof. It includes biochemistry, human sciences, physiology, chemistry as well as mathematics.

Data Management and Analytics

• Data security

• Data integrity

• Data quality

• Data modelling

Productivity: data management will increase your organization’s productivity. Good data management will help the employees in finding any information and easily validate the results.

Security risk: there are lots of risk with the data if not managed properly or information falls into the wrong hands. A strong data management will effectively reduce these types of risks from your organization.

There are many open source tools available for data analytics which doesn’t require any coding skill. Here are lits of some popular data analytics tool including both open source as well as paid:

• SQL: it stands for the structured query language. It is used for handling the RDMS(relational database management systems)

• Hadoop- Hadoop is the most popular framework for big data.

• Apache Spark: it is also a framework for data analytics.

Types of data analytics: there are mainly 4 types of data analytics

Descriptive analytics:

It is a common method. It will provide a view of the analysis of business progress. It only tells that something is wrong or right. It doesn’t explain the reason. That why many companies don’t follow only descriptive analytics. They use it with any other type of data analytics.

Prescriptive analytics: the main purpose of the prescriptive analytics is to recommend what action should be taken for removing the future problem.

Management Information System

• Accurate: information must be accurate without any mistake and errors.

• Complete: it should contain all the related facts and data that can be used by the decision makers. Nothing should be missing in the information.

• Easy to use: information should be clearly understandable to all. The receiver must be able to interpret any abbreviations and notations which is contained in the information.

Components of MIS:

• Hardware: it includes input and output devices for entering data and displaying data when required. Devices are a mouse, keyboard, scanner, printer, monitor and other networking devices.

• Software: software is the computer programs that are designed to do a specific task. Some examples are MS Office, ERP, CRM and any banking software.

Advantages of MIS:

It provides fast data processing.

It is easy to access information

Digital Systems:

• Cost of hardware: the cost of hardware is reduced due to the use of digital components.

• Storage: Storage of information is very easy.

Embedded systems are present everywhere. Some applications of the embedded systems:

Characteristics of an embedded system:

there are some characteristics of the embedded system mentioned below:

5. They are small in size, needs less power

6. They are not too expensive

• They improve the product quality

• Easy to manage

The disadvantage of embedded systems

• It is difficult to upgrade

Types of an embedded system:

Embedded systems are divided into 2 parts depends on

• Network: they are depended on the network for performing their task

• Mobile: they are small in size. they are used in mobile devices and cameras.

Computer anatomy and architecture

The computer is an electronic system that can perform any task very easily. Computer architecture means how a computer system is designed with the help of hardware and software.

The computer system has 5 basic units:

• Input: it provides input to the computer system. Some input devices are mouse, keyboard, joystick and touch screens. Input unit performs the following functions:

• Storage: it Is used to hold the data and instructions. It stores the data for later use. The storage unit is divided into 2 parts:

Anatomy of a computer:

RAM: it stands for random access memory. It is used for the temporary storage of data. If the system loses power, all data will be lost that’s why it is also called short term memory. It increases the performance of the system.

power supply: it is responsible for converting the AC power to DC. It is used for controlling the voltage for system components. It is a piece of hardware fitted in the cabinet.

keyboard and mouse: these are required for giving commands to the system. The mouse is a pointing device used for opening and file and some other operations. The keyboard is also an input device and it looks like a typewriter. It has many types of keys like functional keys, control keys, alphabet bet and numerical keys.

There are many stages of software development.

Implementation and Coding:

it is the longest phase of the development process. each developer has to write their own code and combine them with the other developers. Coding guidelines should be defined properly by senior developers. During the implementation phase, developers must write good comments inside the code so that anyone can understand it better later on. Before starting this phase, you should choose some good developing tools. Tools are very important because they can save a lot of times for the coder and developer.

Non-functional testing: it is related to the performance, reliability and usability of the software. It is based on user expectation. Some non-functional testings are performance testing, security testing, installation testing, load testing etc.

Maintenance:

• Motherboard: it is a part of the computer used to connect all the devices with the computer. You can connect all other devices via port and expansion cards.

• The central processing unit (CPU): it is responsible for executing all the commands. There are many names for the CPU like processor, microprocessor and a central processor. The speed of the processor is measured in terms of GHz.

• Power supply unit (PSU): it is used for supply to required power to all computer parts. It converts the AC current into DC current. CoolMax, Corsair is the most popular PSU makers in the market.

• Monitor: it is used to display the results. The monitor is also referred to as the display, screen, video screen and video display. Some popular brands for the computer monitor are LG, Samsung, Acer, Dell and HP.

• communication

• sharing devices

Personal area network (PAN):- it is used by the individual for a very small area. This network is mainly used for personal use that why it is called a personal area network. There are 2 types of PAN network wired PAN and Wireless PAN. This network involves a pc, laptop, tablet, printer, phone and some other devices.

Metropolitan Area Network(MAN):- it covers a large area by connecting many different LAN’s. its range is higher than the local area network but less than WAN. It provides high-speed data transfer. MAN mostly work on layer 2 i.e data link layer in the OSI model. Frame relay, RS-232, ATM are some examples of protocols that are used in MAN.

Internet is a network of computer systems. Internet protocols are used for data transfer. the internetwork is the interconnection of two or more devices over LAN/ WAN with the help of local addressing scheme. That is known as internetworking. OSI model is used as a reference for Internetworking.

Types of internetwork: