Calculate the prevalence very low birth weight and low birth weight separately

Your name: ______________________

Grade:

Total: ___ out of 100 (or 102)

Part 1. Multiple choice questions (30 points)

Based on this table, which of the following statements is TRUE?

1. The population size of Suffolk County is larger than that of Nassau County

1. the incidence rate is 1.9 percent

2. the incidence rate is 1.9 per person month of observation

2. providing treatment to patients for disease

3. measuring the frequency and distribution of diseases

3. prevalence

4. mortality rate

D. none of the above

__ 6. Your research team is creating a database for a cross-sectional to assess the prevalence of smoking among NYC high school students by race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic Black, non-Hispanic White, Hispanic, White, Asian and Other). The smoking variable is coded as 1 (yes, currently smoke) or 2 (do not currently smoke). What type of variable is your smoking variable?

__ 7. Which of the following is NOT true about cross-sectional studies?

1. They can be used to estimate the burden of a disease at a given point in time

1. The annual mortality rate for spinal meningitis is 0.006% and the case fatality rate is 0.33% within one year.

2. The annual mortality rate for spinal meningitis is 0.33% and the case fatality rate is 0.0006% within one year.

2. Generate preliminary hypotheses regarding etiology

3. Characterize trends in health and disease within a population

3. I cannot conclude anything without a comparison (control) group of patients who do not have tapeworm infection

4. Latin American immigrants have a high risk for tapeworm infection in general

12. Why is prevalence considered a measure of disease burden while incidence is considered a measure of risk of acquiring a disease? (4 points)

13. You conduct a 12-month study in 2010 among 200 intravenous drug users who all tested negative for Hepatitis B at the time of enrollment. During the study, 12 of your participants became infected with Hepatitis B: 3 at the end of month 3, 6 at the end of month 5, and 3 at the end of month 6. Assuming that nobody dropped out of the study or died, what is the incidence rate of Hepatitis B? (Show all calculations, and be sure to include the units of your measure). (7 points)

16. Explain why age standardization is generally needed for comparisons of morbidity or mortality rates or proportions across places. (5 points)

17. In Arizona (population 6,392,017), there were 307 homicides in calendar year 2012. Calculate the 2012 homicide mortality rate per 100,000 person-years. Summarize the results of your calculations in a sentence. (3 points)

Background

You conduct a cross-sectional study to determine whether ischemic vascular disease (IVD) in elders is associated with dementia. You enroll 233 individuals over age 65 into your study. Recent hospital records are abstracted to identify individuals with a history of IVD, further confirmed by a positive result on a neuroimaging examination. You also administer a Folstein Test to screen for cognitive impairment. Anyone with a Folstein Test score of 25 or above is considered to be non-demented while individuals with scores below 25 are classified as demented. Use SPSS to answer the following questions:

22. What is the prevalence ratio for dementia by IVD? Interpret your result.

EXTRA CREDIT (2 points)