Download as:
Rating : ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐
Price: $10.99
Language:EN
Pages: 29

Goal-setting theory goal-setting theory proposes that specific

Learning Outcomes

Leadership Behavior

• By the late 1940’s leadership research had shifted from trait theory paradigm to
behavioral theory paradigm.

with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 3

o Consistent patterns of behavior characterize a leader.

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed

> The autocrat makes the decisions, tells
employees what to do and closely supervises workers.

• democratic leadership style.

University of Michigan

> Employee-Centered Leadership Style has scales measuring supportive leadership and interaction facilitation.

See Exhibit 3.2.

Leadership Model

• Developed the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire (LBDQ).

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed

with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 7

• Applications:
> Self-assessment helps change behavior leading to more effective performance and relationships.

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 8

o Concern for people.

• The Leadership Grid identifies five
leadership styles: 1,1 impoverished; 9,1 authority compliance; 1,9 country club; 5,5 middle of the road; and 9,9 team leader.

Behavioral Theory Contributions

• Behavioral research led to the shift in
paradigm to contingency leadership theory.• A second contribution was the recognition that organizations need both production and people leadership.

Leadership and Motivation Theories

• Motivation is anything that affects
behavior in pursuing a certain outcome.

Process motivation theories
focus on understanding how
people choose behavior to
fulfill their needs.

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 12

Belongingness needs – also called social needs. 3.

4. Esteem needs – focuses on ego, status, self-respect. 5. Self-actualization needs – reach one’s full potential.

• The two-factor theory proposes that people are motivated by motivators rather than maintenance factors. See Exhibit 3.8.

> Maintenance factors are extrinsic motivators and include: pay, job security, working conditions and relationships.

Acquired Needs Theory

See Exhibit 3.9.

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 15

• The global marketplace allows for around the clock work causing work-life conflict.

• Two things organizations are doing:

Equity Theory

> Equity theory offers useful information:

o Equity is based on perception,

Expectancy Theory

Goal-Setting Theory

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed

with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 19

2. Specific – The objective should state exact expectations.

3. Measurable – Must be observable and measurable.

> Participatively set – people who help set their objectives outperform

those who don’t – gains commitment.

Reinforcement Theory

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed

with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 21

• Extinction:
> Withhold reinforcement when behavior occurs.

• Punishment:
> Undesirable consequence.

• Continuous reinforcement:
> Every desired behavior is reinforced.

• Intermittent reinforcement:
> When based on time – interval schedule.

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 23

Changing Behavior

• Giving praise creates a win-win situation.

• The steps in the giving praise model are (1) tell the employee exactly what was done correctly, (2) tell the employee why the behavior is important, (3) stop for a moment of silence, and (4) encourage repeat performance.

Content Motivation Theories

Process Motivation
Theories

Motive
satisfy need

Putting Motivation Theories Together

> Process Motivation Theories ask
o How do employees choose behavior to fulfill their needs?

> Reinforcement Theory ask
o What can managers do to get employees to behave in ways that meet the organizational objectives?

• motivation
• motivation process
• Ohio State University leadership model
• process motivation
theories
• reinforcement theory
• two-factor theory
• University of Michigan leadership model
• writing objectives model

© 2016 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be copied, scanned, or duplicated, in whole or in part, except for use as permitted in a license distributed with a certain product or service or otherwise on a password-protected website for classroom use. 3 - 29

Copyright © 2009-2023 UrgentHomework.com, All right reserved.