List of 20 important questions and answers based on the course content of WGU C168 Critical Thinking & Logic:

Question: What is the definition of a logical fallacy?

Answer: A logical fallacy is a flaw in reasoning that renders an argument invalid or unsound, often leading to inaccurate conclusions.

Question: Name one common example of a fallacy and explain it briefly.

Answer: An example is the "Ad Hominem" fallacy, where an argument attacks the person making the argument instead of addressing the argument itself.

Question: Define deductive reasoning and provide an example.

Question: Explain the concept of inductive reasoning with an example.

Question: What is the difference between validity and soundness in argumentation?

Question: Define a straw man fallacy and provide an example.

Question: What is the purpose of a counterargument in an essay or debate?

Answer: A counterargument presents opposing viewpoints and anticipates objections to strengthen an argument's credibility.

Question: Explain the concept of cognitive bias and provide an example.

Answer: Cognitive bias is a pattern of thinking that deviates from rational judgment. An example is confirmation bias, where individuals seek information that confirms their existing beliefs.

Question: Define the "slippery slope" fallacy and give an example.

Question: What is the role of evidence in constructing a persuasive argument?

Question: Name and briefly explain two types of evidence commonly used in arguments.

Question: What is a syllogism, and how is it structured?

Question: Explain the "appeal to authority" fallacy with an example.

Answer: This fallacy occurs when someone supports an argument by citing an authority figure rather than providing solid evidence. Example: "Dr. Smith says climate change isn't real, so it must be a hoax."

Question: Define a red herring fallacy and provide an example.

Answer: The red herring fallacy diverts attention from the main argument by introducing an irrelevant topic. Example: "We should focus on improving schools instead of discussing tax reform."

Question: What is the difference between a valid argument and a sound argument?

Question: Explain the concept of a false dichotomy fallacy.

Question: How can you identify circular reasoning in an argument?

Question: Define the concept of critical thinking.

Question: Explain the "appeal to emotion" fallacy and provide an example.

Answer: This fallacy manipulates emotions to sway opinions rather than relying on valid reasoning. Example: "Support this policy; think of the children!"

Question: How can fallacies impact the credibility of an argument?

Answer: Fallacies weaken the logical foundation of an argument, making it less convincing and undermining its credibility.