Saturated silty soils and cohesive soils have poor drainage capability
 |
|
|||
Pearson Btec Level 3 90 Credit Diploma in Construction and the Built Environment
Assignment 1
Pearson Btec Level 3 90 Credit Diploma in Construction and the Built Environment
Assignment 1
|
|---|
 |
|
|||
|
|
|---|---|
|
Date: |
Resubmission
| Date: |
|---|
Pearson Btec Level 3 90 Credit Diploma in Construction and the Built Environment
Assignment 1
modern stylish look. It has a high level of thermal efficiency. It is also generally safer on site as less time working at height and not held up by weather as built in factory. However, the disadvantages of timbre are that it can be hard to extend and build on. There needs space for crane to place the timber beams and it can rot causing it to fall apart.P2 - Describe the following soil investigation techniques including the information that is obtained from them: site survey; trial pits; boreholes.
There are many types of soils such as, rock, granular, clay organic and made ground. The difference between these soils are that rock is a hard-solid formation, often impervious, such as granite or sandstone and it forms excellent strata on which to build. Granular soil has good ground bearing capacity if well compacted. Good water dissipation and run off, and often very stable. Clay soil is a good ground bearing, with impervious characteristics preventing water from passing between strata. Often found at depths close to surface of the earth making it economical, and reasonable, on which to build low-rise structures. Organic soil is very soft, permeable and unsuitable surface for foundations it can an indicate the presence of water table and groundwater conditions that can make the ground unstable.
 |
||||
P3 - Explain the principles of foundation design with regards to spreading loads, equilibrium, subsidence, heave, shear failure and subsoil conditions.
A dead load is a weight which will not change for example this could will be all permanent loads such as walls, Beam, columns, flooring material etc. in the scenario due to it just being a standalone warehouse it will just be the fixed loads built into the building. The live load is any weight which can change in a building for example the people walking in and out the building any furniture, mainly anything which can be altered inside the building. In relation to the scenario if being changed into an office the live loads could be desks, monitors, workers just anything which can alter the weight in a building. Point load is that load which acts over a small distance. Because of concentration over small distance this load can may be considered as acting on a point. Point load is denoted by P and symbol of point load is arrow heading downward. In relation to the scenario this could be a fixed beam which is applying a force directly downwards onto a surface possibly the ground.
 |
||||
Subsoil investigation shall be done describing the character, nature, load bearing capacity and settlement capacity of the soil before constructing a new building and structure or for alteration of the foundation of an existing structure. The aims of a geotechnical investigation are to establish the soil, rock and groundwater conditions, to determine the properties of the soil and rock, and to gather additional relevant knowledge about the site. Careful collection, recording and interpretation of geotechnical information shall be made. This information shall include ground conditions, geology, geomorphology, seismicity and hydrology, as relevant. Indications of the variability of the ground shall be considered.
P4 - Describe the methods for constructing the following four foundation types: strip; pad; raft and pile.
 |
||||
(example of raft foundation)
Strip foundation
foundations can be categorised as shallow foundations or deep foundations. Shallow foundations are typically used where the loads imposed by a structure are low relative to the bearing capacity of the
 |
|
|||
 |
|
|||
Pearson Btec Level 3 90 Credit Diploma in Construction and the Built Environment
Assignment 1
Before you break ground, you’ll need to research the types of soil that may be found on your site. (For the site in the scenario it will be firm clay ground) This can involve either checking with your local authority or building inspector or undertaking a soil survey. If you haven’t yet a plot of land, look at a building plot checklist to make sure you exercise due diligence regarding various factors (including soil type).
New Houses
 |
||||
After analysing the various foundations that could be used when construction an industrial workshop with previously filled ground, I would consider pile foundations to be the most suitable. Pad foundations may also be suitable; however, this would require a lot of excavation for pads to be able to withstand the point loads acting from each column in the industrial workshop. Due to the nature of the ground that is being built upon, pad foundations would typically be ruled out as it would be difficult to construct pad foundations on previously filled ground. Strip foundations would not be a suitable foundation type as these aren’t able to withstand point loads and building fault or damage is likely to occur if this foundation type was used.
As the building design is not known, it would be suggested that this would be a framed building, meaning that raft foundations would also be unsuitable as this type of foundation is traditionally weak in supporting point loads. Driven piles appear to be the better option, as they are designed to cope with heavier loads. Driven piles are ideal for tight sites are they require no excavation, there would be an economical benefit to this too. Despite this, driven pile foundations aren’t perfect and may be unsuitable to use when the ground contains boulders or debris below ground, which the pile may hit and be pushed off course. In such case, it would cost to have the pile removed and relocated, or excavate the boulder/debris, and drive the pile again. Pile foundations have the ability to cope with the loads specified for the building. The foundations can also reach the depths of the bedrock and have the ability to transfer the load in variable ground conditions to deep bearing stratum. Although more information at this stage is required in order to properly select the right foundation type for this project, based on the information provided, pile foundations would be the most suitable to use.
Timber Frame
Strip foundations consist of consists of a continuous strip of primarily concrete material that is formed under load bearing walls. The strip is of such a width that it is able to support the load of the structure or building that is acting upon it, and transmit this load to an area of the subsoil. Strip foundations are used where the soil is of good bearing capacity. Primarily, strip foundations are erected from concrete, which is by far the most frequently used construction material in the world.
 |
||||
Piles are a foundation type that is used in the construction industry where the bearing capacity of the soil is poor or imposed loads are very heavy. A pile foundation consists of two components: Pile cap and single or group of piles. Pile driving is very noisy and causes massive vibrations through the soil. For this reason, it is sometimes difficult to use them in sensitive locations. They can be made from a variety of different materials such as concrete, wood or steel depending on the requirements.
The piles are then driven, drilled or jacked into the ground and then connected to the pile caps.