The duo determine how the children manage the psychosocial crises

Important Aspects of Psychosocial Development in Children aged 2 to 5 Years Student’s Name
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The scenario presents a case of a child between 2 and 5 years of age. At such age, children have surpassed the period of trust and mistrust, which comes first in life. Currently, they are at the second phase, which is autonomy against shame and doubt, and approaching the third step, which is initiative versus guilt (Newman & Newman, 2015).At these stages of growth parents and care providers are required to handle their children sensitively to assist them overcome conflicts that arise constantly. For instance, Maria’s daughter Andrew, who is two and a half years old has not toilet trained both during the day and night. Notably, children at the age of Andrew have learnt this ability, particularly during the day. Likewise, she only speaks few words, through which he conveys his needs. Andrew is passing through a psychosocial conflict, which can shape his ability to accomplish his physiological needs in the future. With careful intervention, Andrew can gain continence and catch up with his peers ta the Day Care.

As mentioned earlier, children at the age of Andrew the period of autonomy against shame and doubt in their psychosocial development. At this stage, children struggle with the ability to gain control of issues happening around them. They strive to expand the level of their sovereignty in which they can be able to influence their physical functions (Newman & Newman, 2015). Such roles may include usual bodily needs which are noticeable to the parent or caregiver.

At the period of autonomy against shame and doubt, Parents and caregivers serve as the primary factors influencing the growth of children. In this way, the duo determine how the children manage the psychosocial crises. They are required to be tolerant with the child; however, the patience has to be limited before an undesirable event occurs. Parents should institute rules and guidelines, which are critically needed by children for courteous behaviors. It is imperative that parents should have control over their children. However, over controlling children raises the risk of shame and deprives them of the feeling of autonomy. Such tendencies break the will of the child and may result in various forms of psychoses, which are characterized by disorderliness (Knight, 2017) .Thus, parents should exercise a balanced regulation while encouraging psychosocial development of their children.

Nevertheless, cultural background and beliefs might influence a child’s ability to handle their psychosocial crisis. Various cultures have diverse specifications of parental anticipations for the behavior of their children. For instance, some native communities, do not teach children how to use the toilet while managing their bowel functions. Children have to learn intuitively with time and through imitation. On the contrary, the urban Australian society seem to have more restrictive children standards. However, parents remain the elements of guidance towards certain behaviors that might make children feel embarrassed.

References

PSYCHOSOCIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN 5

Papalia, D., & Martorell, G. (2014). Experience human development (13th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Education.