178.300 Macroeconomic Policy And Assessment Answer
Question:
1. Open economy model
Assume you are in a small open economy with flexible exchange rates.
The economy experiences a permanent positive demand shock.
- Draw the PC −MR, the IS −RX and the ERU −AD graphs to help you explain the path back to medium run equilibrium.
- Draw a graph of the real exchange rate over time and give a brief explanation of its path.
- How does the medium run equilibrium vary from that in the closed economy?
2. Supply-side shock
Oil prices fell dramatically in 1986. Use the WS−PS and ERU diagrams to explain the effect of this supply-side shock on a small open economy. At the initial real exchange rate, what has happened to real wages and the level of employment?
3. Demand-side shock
Consult Chapter 11 and use the mathematics from Section 11.4.1 of the Appendix to derive the RX curve after a negative demand shock in bloc B.
4. The loss function
Central bank has the following loss function:
Consult Chapter 13 to answer the following questions:
- What can we interpret about the central bank’s preferences from this loss function (Equation 13.1)?
- Briefly explain how this loss function compares to the standard loss function and a loss function with yT> ye.
- Find the inflation bias for a central bank with this loss function (Equation 13.1).
5. The insider-outsider model
Consult Chapter 15 to answer the following questions.
- How can the insider-outsider model explain persistently high levels of unemployment?
- Can this form of hysteresis be mitigated by increasing aggregate demand?
6. Financial crisis
Assume an economy with lump-sum taxes is hit by a large negative demand shock (e.g. financial crisis). In response, the government introduces a large fiscal stimulus package to try and boost economic activity and help stabilize the economy. Assess whether the policy will be successful in each of the following cases:
- In the 3-equation model, when stimulus is financed through borrowing
- In the 3-equation model, when the stimulus is financed by raising taxes (i.e. a balanced budget expansion)
- In the RE − PIH model, when the stimulus is financed through borrowing.
In which case will output expand the most? Justify your answer.
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