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BHO2434 | Consumer Behaviour | The Behaviour Of The Consumers

Undertake a literature review on a theoretical concept/construct in the field of Conspicuous consumption that has real world management implications (e.g., customer satisfaction, buying behaviour, customer motivation, experience quality etc.).

• Brief summary the theory and progression in the field (i.e.. how has the theory developed since first proposed?)
• Common themes/findings across the four articles.
• Different themes/findings across the four articles.
• Study limitations and how these differ across the various study designs (quantitative, qualitative).
• Future research directions proposed in the articles.

Answer:

Introduction of Theory

The behaviour of the consumers has been the view point of multiple studies over the years. As opined by Bray (2008), the study of consumer decision making began nearly 300 years ago. The early theories had an economic approach to the concept, and were developed purely based on the buying act. The utility theory states that the choices of consumers depend on expected outcomes of their decisions. While this theory concludes that consumers are rational decision makers, the current researches discuss various factors that are at play behind the consumer behaviour and recognise multiple consumption activities. Although the general notion of conspicuous consumption relates it to the purchasing pattern of elite class, in reality, it goes beyond class differences. On this regard, Bray (2008) discusses the indication of the Fishb


ein model that says that the attitude of the consumer towards an object is the result of his personal beliefs and his feelings about the qualities of the object. This model was further developed to not only evaluate the attitudes but also the behaviours of the consumers, and became to be known as the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA). According to this theory, the conspicuous consumption depends on the consumers’ feelings about other’s views, the situation of the consumption, and the product.

Common Themes

Although there are a few differences in the perspectives of the researches discussed in this study, each of the four studies finds subjective norms as a common factor that affects the behaviours of the consumers. In his study, Brady discussed consumer behaviour is the resultant of the attitude of the consumer towards buying an object and the subjective norms of the behaviour. Similarly, Unal, Dirlik and Otamis (2012) demonstrated in their study how subjective norms changes consumer behaviour. Such as, for the general conception of the society that mothers must possess good qualities and should be the role models of her children, they ignore their personal desires and decide not to buy expensive products to demonstrate economical behaviour to their children. Asamoah (2012) also indicates that society can influence consumer behaviour by suggesting their preferences. According to the findings of Huang, Hu and Zhang (2013), it is that the choice of the consumers is effected by the choices and reviews of their friends and families.

Different Themes

In his study, Jeff Bray (2008) discusses various philosophical theories that are underlying the concept of consumer behaviour and the way they make decisions regarding purchasing. It also discusses multiple models to explain consumer behaviour. Reviewing these theories and models, Bray identifies society, culture, time consumption, economic background, quality and price of products, personal values and beliefs, motivation, family, and lifestyle are the major factors of determining consumer behaviour.

This research (Unal, Dirlik and Otamis 2012) shows that marital status is a significant factor of buying behaviour of the women. The married, divorced, and widows may have similar buying choices but for different reasons. This study indicates that status in family and position in the society affects the consumer behaviour.

Asamoah (2012) conducted this study to understand the factors that are at play behind the buying behaviour of the consumers. It was found in the study that time consumption is a major factor behind consumer behaviour, as they are prone to select the places and ways in which they can save time. Price is another major factor for consumer behaviour, and people prefer shops that offer fair price. The service that the shops offer and the way they treat people were found to be a deciding factor for buyers. Customers select shops that treat them well and with respect, and offer variety of products that satisfy their needs.

The findings of this research indicate the role of experience is crucial for customer behaviour (Huang, Hu and Zhang 2013). While consumers can divulge into buying expensive products for their pre-experience, experience and post experience of that product have the influence to retain the consumers from further purchase of that product. The experience marketing is a motivational factor for consumer behaviour. In addition to this, it also effects the future decision making process of the consumers. Motivation for future purchase and creation of personal connection are also important factor that influence the consumer behaviour.

Limitations

The study discusses a range of models and theories to explain the consumer behaviour and the decision making process of them (Bray 2008). The study is elaborative in nature, and analyses consumer behaviour based on various philosophical approaches. Thus, rather than narrowing down on the major reasons, it indicates that the factors that determine the behaviour of the consumers are manifold.

As a qualitative study, the limitation of this research lies in the few number of participants in the interview (Unal, Dirlik and Otamis 2012). The study also researched the behaviour of women consumers towards the clothing industry. Another limitation is that the interviewees of were all Turkish women, which narrows the sociocultural effect on consumer behaviour.

The quantitative study of Asamoah (2012) has multiple limitations. First, there was no proper place in the shopping centres for the respondents to answer the questionnaires, and for that, the study could not use a larger sample size. Secondly, the questionnaire was not constructed skilfully.

The study of Huang, Hu and Zhang (2013) is bounded to the students of Jönköping International Business School and therefore is limited to the scope of internationalization that JIBS is offering. Another limitation of this study is that it only uses iPhone as the representative of the entire Apple productline.

Future Prospective

The study of Jeff Bray (2008) clearly indicates that there are a huge scope of further study of the topic. Consumer behaviour as a comparatively new subject of research, the study indicates that there are determining factors of consumer behaviour that have not been studied yet. It found out how the factors like altruism, ethics, and the social responsibility of consumers effects the behaviour of the consumers have not been discussed in any of the theories or models that he discussed in his study.. Bray believes that integration of these factors to the consumer behaviour and their process of decision making would create valuable studies.

The qualitative study of Unal, Dirlik and Otamis (2012) is a pilot study and therefore has the scope of future expansion. The researchers propose that, with a greater number of samples and multiple qualitative methods the research can produce extensive and more reliable results. They also think that there should be more researches on the Turkish women and the socio-cultural effect on them in various aspects of life, and these researches should be taken into serious consideration.

The study by Asamoah (2012) brought out an important concern for further research. The study demonstrated that the improvement of customer cards could influence the consumers’ behaviour and their decisions regarding purchase. Therefore, there is scope to find out how regular these customer cards can be improvised in order to effect the purchasing decisions of the consumers.

However, the study of Huang, Hu and Zhang (2013) do not indicate any further direction of the research.

References

Asamoah, G., 2012. Factors Which Influence the Buying Behaviours of Customers with Multiple Regular Customer Cards.

Bray, J.P., 2008. Consumer behaviour theory: approaches and models.

Huang, L., Hu, C. and Zhang, X., 2013. Consumer experience analysis: A case study of Apple Inc. from consumers' perspective in experience marketing.

Unal, D.A., Dirlik, O. and Otamis, P.A., 2012. A qualitative research to explore the purchase behavior determinants of middle-aged women. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 62, pp.1337-1341.


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