BIOL 211 Environmental Science: Experimentation of Water Cycle
Experiment: Assessing Infiltration
In this experiment, you will observe how entrapped water moves from land to the atmosphere and determine how weather conditions affect this movement.
Materials
(2) 9 x 12 in. Resealable Bags (e.g. Ziploc bags)
(1) measuring cup
Permanent Marker
1 cup of sand or loose soil
Shady Location
Sunny Location (window sill, outside porch, etc.)
Water, H2O
Table 1: Observations of Water Movement
|
Location of Bag |
After 1 Hour |
After 12 Hours |
|
Sunny Location |
Click here to enter text. |
Click here to enter text. |
|
Shady Location |
Click here to enter text. |
Click here to enter text. |
Task:
- What formed on the inside of the bags?
- What parts of the water cycle are represented in this experiment?
- What condition showed the greatest change? What force contributed to this change?
- How would increasing the proportion of land (sand/soil) to water affect the amount of water vapor released?
- How would drought conditions impact infiltration and condensation from the ground?
Answer:
Experimentation of part of water cycle
|
Results of the water movement observations | ||
|
Location of Bag |
After 1 Hour |
After 12 Hours |
|
Sunny Location |
There was cloudy-like water vapour at the top of the re-sealed bag where there were airspaces and some water was wetting to the bottom of the Re-sealable bag. |
There are water droplets at the top part of the paper which are starting to drop down and little water droplets at the bottom of the bag compared to those at the top |
|
Shady Location |
The top airspace was clear and the water was continuing to increase at the bottom part and are more compared to those in the bag placed in the sunny location |
The water was settled at the bottom of the Re-sealable Bags which are more compared to those in the bag placed on the sunny location and top of the soil was drying up. |
1.
Water vapour was shaped inside the pack that was put inside the re-sealable bag that on the radiant area making the airspace shady while the other bag set on the obscure area had little beads and clear airspace demonstrating the nonattendance of water drops. Water additionally gathered at the base of the bag put in the obscure area while little water was gathered at the base of the bag put in a bright area (Bethea, 2011).
2.
Evaporation and infiltration was part of the water cycle that was being tested where the re-sealed bag placed on the sunny location showed that evaporation took place. Infiltration was shown where the water settled on the bottom of the bag.
The Bag that was placed in shady location had additional water collected at the lowest of the bag compared to those collected within the re-sealed bag that was placed within the sunny location that shows that infiltration is tormented by temperature/weather condition (Hamid Moradkhani, et al., 2008).
3.
The re-sealed bag placed on the sunny location indicated the greatest change which can be attributed to direct exposure to the sunlight which therefore increased temperatures making water to evaporate to the airspace at the top of the bag. This was indicated by cloudy water vapour observed.
Infiltration was more observed in the bag placed in the shady area indicating that there was no water disturbance and water had enough time to infiltrate without any external force.
4.
When the proportion of land to water is increased, the surface area to be heated by the sun increases, hence more evaporation will be experienced and thus more water vapour will be formed. With a larger land proportion of land to water, water will spread to occupy the spaces thus reducing their molecular connections (cohesive force) and therefore they can be easily broken into vapour (Wang, et al., 2015).
5.
Increased drought condition reduces the amount of water that can infiltrate into the subsoil surface as well as reduces the rate of condensation as evaporation will increase. Drought conditions such as high temperatures increase the heat on the earth surface. Hence increasing the rising air from the surface of the earth. The heat increases the rate of evaporation and the rising air transports the water vapour by the process of evaporation (Wang, et al., 2015; Abbaspour & Sabetraftar, December, 2005).
References
Abbaspour, M., & Sabetraftar, A. (December, 2005). Review of cycles and indices of drought and their effect on water resources, ecological, biological, agricultural, social and economical issues in Iran. International Journal of Environmental Studies, 16.
Bethea, N. B. (2011). The Water Cycle (Science Foundations).
Hamid Moradkhani, Soroosh Sorooshian (auth.), Soroosh Sorooshian, Kuo-Lin Hsu, Erika Coppola, Barbara Tomassetti, . . . (eds.), G. V. (2008). Hydrological Modelling and the Water Cycle: Coupling the Atmospheric and Hydrological Models.
Wang, Xiaochang, C., Zhang, Chongmiao, Ma, Xiaoyan, . . . Li. (2015). SpringerBriefs in Water Science and Technology. Water Cycle Management || A Real Case of Water Reuse Through a Water Cycle, 20.
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