LAB 9 CHAPTER 15: exercises 1-6 and critical thinking questions 1-5
Work in a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Refer to the casts provided by your instructor (or the pictures in the lab Appendix) to answer the following questions.
Work in a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Review the casts provided by your instructor (or the pictures in the lab Appendix) and answer the following questions.
Work in a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Review the casts provided by your instructor (or the picture in the lab Appendix) and answer the following questions.
Work in a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Use the casts provided by your instructor (or the pictures in the lab Appendix) to answer the following questions.
Work in a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Refer to the casts provided by your instructor (or the pictures in the lab Appendix) to answer the following questions.
Work in a small group or alone to complete this exercise. Review the casts provided by your instructor (or the pictures in the lab Appendix) and answer the following questions.
fossils of other animals and plants from the same time period to get an idea of the environment that the species lived it.
Fossil |
Dates/Location |
Cranial Traits |
Postcranial Traits |
Suggested Behavior |
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Australopithecus Anamensis |
4 mya |
Large outer cusp on third premolar Large canines Parallel tooth ros in upper jaw |
Curved hand phalanx Less than 3.3 ft. tall |
Lived in woodlands habitual biped with some adaptations for walking on two feet |
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Australopithecus afarensis |
3.6 - 3 mya |
430 cc brain size Smaller canines Equal sized cusps on third premolar Parabolic tooth rows in upper jaw |
Curved hand phalanges Short legs In line big toe |
Lived in open woodlands Bipedal, had adaptations for arboreal locomotion |
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Australopithecus africanus |
3 - 2 mya |
450 cc brain size Moderate sized teeth Equal sized cusps on third premolar |
Phalanges not curved Short legs Long arms |
Lived in open grasslands a mix of bipedal and arboreal adaptations sexual dimorphism |
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Australopithecus garhi |
2.5 mya |
450 cc brain size Equal sized cusps on third premolar Larger teeth and Au. afarensis |
Closer ratio of arm to leg length Curved foot phalanx |
Lived in grasslands, on lakeshore more bipedal lifestyle with less use of arboreal locomotion produced and used the first stone tools to butcher animals |
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Australopithecus (Paranthropus) aethiopicus |
2.5 mya |
410 cc brain size Massive posterior teeth Robust skull with sagittal crest |
N/A |
Lived in open grasslands enlarged fea- tures indicate Au. aethiopicus had a diet that required heavy chewing. |
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Australopithecus (Paranthropus) boisei |
2.3 - 1.2 mya |
510 cc brain size Massive posterior teeth Robust skull with sagittal crest |
N/A |
Lived in open grasslands had a diet that more narrowly focused on sedges and grasses. |
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Australopithecus (Paranthropus) robustus |
2 - 1.5 mya |
530 cc brain size Massive posterior teeth Robust skull with sagittal crest |
N/A |
Lived in open grasslands diets and dietary adaptations were probably complex and variable in our ancient ancestors |
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Australopithecus sediba |
2 mya |
420 cc brain size Small teeth Equal sized cusps on third premolars Gracile face and jaws |
Phalanges not curved Short finger, long thumbs Long arms Small body Homo-like pelvis |
Lived in open grasslands suggest that Au. sediba may have descended from Au. africanus, |
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Homo habilis (including H. rudolfensis) |
2.5 - 1.8 mya |
650 cc brain size Smaller face smaller teeth, mandibles, and zygomatic arches, and it lacked the sagittal crests |
Small body 3.5 ft. Shorter legs long arms |
Stone tool use habitual biped - obligate biped due to its lack of an opposable hallux and the presence of a longitudinal arch in its foot. |
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