Bnv7084 Project Management Methods And Assessment Answers

Answer:

Introduction

The project management holds an integral part for the development of the improved function analysis and development (Nasir, Nawi and Radzuan 2016). It is very important for the deployment of the improved services for ensuring that the operations of the construction projects. The implication of the effective project management is formed for the integration of the activities of project and deploys the management of the construction management and functions. The system integration and development of the profound management is formed for ensuring that the construction projects are completed successfully. According to Demirkesen and Ozorhon (2017), the alignment of the operations would be formed for forming the development of the activities of the project and align them for the integration of the effective management functions.

The following assignment is a portfolio that is based on the topic of project management in construction. The deployment of the construction project management would be employed for ensuring that the project is constructed and formed for the management of the improvement of the effective processes of the project. The deployment of the facilities would be formed for integrating the analysis of the process formation. The three topics for the consideration of the following portfolio are “Management of construction materials on project site”, “Interfacing and complexity issues in construction project management”, and “Challenges confronting construction project management system for sustainable construction in developing countries”. These topics would be analysed in this portfolio for developing the analysis of the effective and improved services. The integration of the profound development would be helpful for consisting the development of the operations and deployment of the arbitrary development of the system integration.

1. Description and Discussion of Topic 1

The research article “Management of construction materials on project site” considered the construction projects and provides an analysis of the management methods for the construction materials (Nayak, Gupta and Pandey 2016). The critical components and equipments of the construction project are managed and kept at high efficiency for ensuring that the projects would be assigned system development. It is very helpful for the integration of the effective system development of the operations. The development of the effective and improved analysis would be formed for developing the improved integration and development. The material management program for the management of the construction projects is developed for ensuring that the materials required for construction project are being accurately bought (Banihashemi et al. 2017). The development of the improved services is formed for the deployment of the effective services and its integration. The analysis would also help in forming the management of the system integrated management and development of the profound analysis methods. The management of the system development would be helpful in deploying the management of the improved services and its integration. The research article is developed for ensuring that the deployment of the effective management process would consider the deployment of the project integration and development (Zheng et al. 2016). The research paper has considered the purpose and process of material management for construction projects with the help of a research methodology and one statistical technique of S curve analysis for developing the quantitative analysis.

1.1 Purpose of Material Management Planning in Construction Projects

The purpose of material management in construction project is developed for integrating the deployment of the improved services (Fleming and Koppelman 2016). The analysis would be helpful in integrating the management of the effective management process. The main purpose of construction project management and the management of the materials used in construction activities is developing an effective material planning for the project. The material planning is also helpful for managing purchasing of material, storage and inventory control, distribution and supply of materials, quality assurance, and reduction of the project costs. These points have been explained below,

Development of effective material planning: The development of the effective material planning is a crucial factor for employing the improved activities for the construction project. The analysis has shown that the material planning provides the ease of the data management and its improved function analysis (Igwe, Nasiri and Hammad 2017). The process of developing the profound development of the operations would help the management of the operations and it would also provide the analysis of the management process. The material management is formed for ensuring all required activities are completed as expected.

Management of purchasing of material: The management of the purchasing of the materials are another crucial factor that is covered in the development of the construction project. The management of the purchases is required so that the project would be helpful for completing the overall actions of the project and it would also ensure that the final outcome of the project is as expected.

Storage and inventory control: The material management is helpful for storage and inventory management also. The deployment of the improved storage management is helpful for ensuring the management of the effective and improved storage system for the project. The construction project forms the alignment of the effective management of the project and its system analysis. The inventory management is helpful for deployment of the effective material usage and system alignment (Wang and Hubbard 2017). The deployment of the project integration management would be helpful for overcoming the management of the improved processes. The deployment of the project material management is implied for forming the development of the profound integration management.

Distribution and supply of materials: The material management also helps in easing the distribution and supply of the materials for the users. The alignment of the effective project management is formed for forming the development of the supportive management process. The distribution of the materials and their supply would also be eased due to the process of the effective project management. The alignment of the project integration management is applied for ensuring that the project is formed for the construction activities.

Quality assurance: The management of the project would be developed for forming the development of the construction project by ensuring the quality of the project outcome. The quality assurance is another crucial factor that would enable the deployment of the project integration management. The quality assurance for the construction projects is very helpful for the project of construction.

Reduction of the project costs: The reduction of the project cost is deployed for ensuring the alignment of the effective project integration and management. It is helpful for aligning the support of the project of the deployment management. The reduction of the project cost is helpful for the project of the construction.

1.2 Process of Material Management Planning in Construction Projects

The processes of material management planning in construction projects are helpful for developing the effective system integration management. The management of the materials are employed for keeping the effective processes of the construction projects. The process of management of the materials are analysis of existing stock, orders invoice are entered, order is received, quality of the ordered material is checked, and final order is added to main system (Walker and Walker 2016). The process of material management starts with analysis of the existing materials. The material management is deployed for effective management of the information and deploying the improved facilities of the organization. The material management is helpful for the development of the improved services. The balance items and vendor selection are also facilitated by developing the improved services and profound activities. The material inspection and resolution of the material issues can be eased due to the material management. The resolution of the materials is deployed for the integration of the improved facilities.

1.3 Research Methodology

The research methodology used in the article is the material management practices and it would help in monitoring the construction activities. The decision of the material procurement is developed for the integration of the operations and deployment of the improved facilities (Johnston 2017). The research methodology for the analysis of the importance of material management in the organization uses quantitative data analysis. The research methodology would be helpful for overcoming the issues and development of the effective analysis. The quantitative data analysis is developed for the formation of the analysis of the specific and improved functional analysis. The management of the activities is deployed for ensuring that the specific and successive development of the operations is formed for the system integration and development. The management scheme for the materials is developed for overcoming the gap in the study of the research topic. The quantitative study is formed with the help of ABC and EOQ analysis. The technique of ABC analysis consists of the principle that the small part of the items can show a bulk of monetary value. The A category represents 70-75% of the money value, the B category represents 15-20% of the money value, and C category represents the 5-10% of the money value. The economic order quantity or EOQ would result in analysing the specific item’s costs and the total number of orders of least value (Woodgate, Zurba and Tennent 2016). The research paper also deals with the use of S-curve analysis for showing the relation between the actual and planned costs of the materials.

1.4 Final Outcome of the research paper 

The data gathered and the analysis of the available data has shown that the S-curve and EOQ analysis would be helpful for deducing the specific and profound RCC design of the data would tend to show that the construction project would require the use of the material management for the completion of the project. The specification has shown that the deviation in items would result in forming the fluctuations in the cost of the specific cost estimation. The material management is helpful for construction project to quote accurate values in the tender and then ensure that the overall quote of the costs does not exceed than the expectations.

2. Description and Discussion of Topic 2

The journal article is titled “Interfacing and Complexity Issues in Project Management: A Case Study of a Condominium Construction Project in Klang Valley” and it provides an analysis of the complexity and interface issues that major construction projects face. The reason of project failure is always argued to be either human or the materials. According to Tan (2016), the above research analyse two factors namely complexity and interfaces that would result in the generation of the issues in project management. The paper consists of a general introduction to the topic, literature review section, research methodology, result and its analysis, and final conclusion.

2.1 General introduction to the topic

The first part of the research paper provides the analysis of the various reasons of the project failure.  The present world is well aware of the fact that out of 6927 construction projects worth RM 131 billion was kicked off due to some issues (Nicholas and Steyn 2017). The use of the technological development has been largely used for ensuring that the projects are completed successfully. However, due to the use of the technological equipments, the probability of the occurrence of the issues has increased too. The analysis would show that the development of the issues and the use of the equipments had been simultaneously increasing. The statistics have shown that only 39% of the overall construction projects have been successful in terms of budget, time, and quality. The remaining 61% of the projects have failed due to cost overrun, delay, and other features (Erdogan, Saparauskas and Turskis 2017). The project is cancelled due to the unpredictable and profound issues in the project. The projects that had headed to failure in terms of budget, time or quality are due to the internal issues. Very few of the project team members or client want to talk about the reasons for the failure of the project and do not admit even if it is their fault.

2.2 Literature review

The literature review section explains the interface management and complexity in project operations. The research method is formed for the understanding the importance of a good interface as opined by many construction practitioners (Redwood et al. 2017). The alignment of the improved processes would be implied for the development of the effective and improved functional analysis for the development of the effective and improved functional analysis. The interface management is nothing but a systematic and effective interface design of the construction project activities and its role in forming the development of the effective and improved development module. There are three types of interfaces namely Organizational Interfaces, Personal Interfaces, and Systematic Interfaces. The construction projects are outsourced as it needs the help of the several contractors for the management of the operations. The alignment of the sponsor, construction team, designer, supplier, and manufacturer are aligned for the development of the improved functional analysis. The interfaces are helpful for linking two or more entities of the construction project along with stakeholders and project scopes (Jin et al. 2017). The independent system acts on the each other for the development of the profound system development. However, there are 3 more classifications of the interfaces namely Material Interfaces, Psychological Interfaces, and Information Interfaces. The physical and functional projects are formed for the management of the construction project. The ability of the management of the project objectives would be developed for the integration and development of the project integration management. The ability for the management of the many interfaces of the project is developed for the specialised working. Later on, authors proposed five types of interfaces namely Technology Interface, Contract Interface, Execution Integration Interface, Monitor Interface, and Interacting Behaviour. All these types of interfaces are being analysed for developing the specific behaviour of the profound development of the interface management. The project complexity is a result of the issues and other factors that have reasoned for increasing the time required for the project operations. The input of the large number of the projects is developed for the formation of the issues and problems in the project. The inclusion of the various requirements in the construction project leads to the development of the specific project complexity generation. The complexities of the project can be broadly classified into System Behaviour, Human Behaviour, and Ambiguity. The system behaviour depends upon the connectedness, dependency, and system dynamics of the construction projects. The human behaviour depends upon the individual behaviour, communication control, and design development. The uncertainty and emergency are a part of the Ambiguity.

2.3 Research methodology

The research method used in this research paper is based on research questions and sampling theory. The research method used for the analysis consists of 4 stages for developing an understanding of the specific method development (Zainal 2017). The first stage would comprise of identification of the existing theories and developing the appropriate solution for the development of the specific modulation. In the second stage, the conduction of the field study for the ongoing project is also done for developing the understanding of the research methodology. The third stage is characterized by the analysis of the improved functional development and it would be resulted in developing the issues of the specific development module (Rosner et al. 2016). The identification of the similarities of the existing theories and differences are developed for the formation of the improved functional analysis.

2.4 Result and its analysis

The results of the analysis has shown the following outcomes,

• Communication problem is the primary reason that has resulted in forming the issues in the interface of the project and growth of the complexities.
• The drawings and its submission have resulted in forming the connection between the main contractor and sub-contractor.
• The approval of the design and changes is another factor that should be used for dealing with the issues of the project

2.5 Final conclusion

The various issues of the construction projects are issues in interfaces and growth of the complexities. The difference in the onsite and offsite teams has resulted in forming the specific issues in the completion of the project. The client, consultants, and main contractors have to form a subtle communication for ensuring the completion of the project as expected.

3. Discussion and Description of the topic 3

The process of building up a dwelling place for humans has been in the constant evolving phase since the early days of mankind. The procedure for building a dwelling can be grouped into three major phases, the design phase, construction phase and the operational use phase. The management of projects can be said to be one of the oldest form of accomplishments for the mankind which makes use of builders, masons, architects and crafts men (Ogunde et al. 2017). Due to the high demand of construction practice, a higher demand for the management of the process with the use of adequate amount of planning and use of resources is essential. The Nigerian Construction Sector Summary Report 2010 – 2012 attributed the continuous growth to the dynamisms of development.

3.2 Review of Related Studies

Researchers of the topic of project management have said that the meaning of project and management can be defined separately. Project work can be said to be a temporary endeavor for the work on a certain project with a continuous evolving procedure. The activities related to the project management can be said to be of four distinct life cycle process: Conceptualization, Planning, Execution, and Termination. The building and construction sector is an important contributor to Nigeria’s GDP (Banihashemi et al. 2017). It has been found that the Nigerian building and construction sector is significantly growing.

3.3 Challenges Facing Project Management System in Developing Countries

The process of project management has certain limitation in the form of high cost overrun, time delay and organizational structure problems. The first concept of project management had been initiate at United States of America (USA) in the early 1950 subsequently followed by Europe in 1960 (Erdogan, Saparauskas and Turskis 2017). Many professionals use the title of project manager without the prior knowledge of many of the topics required for the work. The main drawback is that there is no firm body of governing rule to work in accordance to the provision of providing the title to individuals. Many countries have found that there is no institutional frame work for the regulation of skills for construction project management skills. It has been found that the success of the Nigerian construction industry has been due to the use of construction project management systems. There has been found that there is still a low amount of awareness and use of the Project Management system in Nigeria. Thus this study can help in the proper development of the management skills of the construction sector in Nigeria.

3.4 Research Methods

For the study a descriptive survey had been adopted and information was collected with the help of questionnaires. According to Fleming and Koppelman (2016), the participants of the project were contacted directly. The participants were of adequate knowledge in the field of project management. Secondary data had been collected from research journals and articles from around the world. The method of convenience sampling had been used. A total of 59 responses had been collected with a response rate of 84%. The relative importance index for the comparison of the contribution is taken from each of the variable relative.  In developing countries, such as Nigeria, the constraints of each society are in terms of its political, economic, and administrative system.

3.5 Data Analysis and Result

The professions of the respondents were from the group of Builders, Quantity surveyors, Architects, Structural engineers and Estate managers. All the respondents of the survey of experienced in the working filed. All respondents had supervised at least one project and a maximum of 21 or more (Nasir, Nawi and Radzuan 2016). With the help of the planning procedures it will be helpful for the adjusting of the work break down structure. The factors which govern the process of decision making ideas is the location of the project. Considering the location of the project it can then be determined the materials and the human resource to use for the project. Apart from these the availability of resources and profit for the constructors are also taken into concern. With the help of the analysis it has been found that the management skills has been ranked as number 1 and educational skills has been ranked as number 2. Following these there is Experience, leadership, knowledge and ability to work has also been ranked. The proper activity of project management requires the use of skills over all other characteristics. Many challenges had been faced in the process of understanding of the proper use of the skills in the domain of project management. The challenges have been divided up into six sections: project manager (PM), client, construction team, consultant, external factors and supplier. The project manager can be defined as the main person in charge for the maintenance of the project with the help of his experience in the field of work. It makes use of various tools for the removal of the project problems. The success or the failure of the project is in the handed the project manager. The importance of the client in the process of construction cannot be emphasized (Redwood et al. 2017). The lack of client makes the process of decision making a drawback in the process. Most of the clients tend to move away from the burden of decision making responsibilities. A lack of financial backing is another challenge which a burden for the decision is making process. When the management fails to meet the time, budget or fails to meet the requirements of the client the project is termed as failed. A supplier can be said to be an industry with the tag of a contractor or sub-contractor for the supplying of the materials which is to be used for the execution of the project. The problem related to the provision of improper materials can be termed as the major cause for the problems which can arise from the work. The construction team is a group of working individuals who work with the project manager in order to complete the assignment for the client. They range from Architects, Town Planners, Builders, Quantity Surveyors, Engineers and Estate Managers. They all work on the same project in a combined manner to complete the work as per the requirement of the client. The major factor has been found to be the design error. The morale of the workers gets broken down when there is a demolition or a reconstruction of the project. There is also the provision of a consultant who is the expertise in the work of the project management but is there to only provide help to the manager when needed. The need for effective communication is needed for the success of the project. There are a force off external factors usage in the work of a project manager which can be seen or unseen in nature poor treatment of the work force can be said to be the factor which makes the failure of a project certain. The factor off monthly regulatory body inspection, had been found to be the highest problem in the topic of success factor of a project.

3.6 Discussions of Findings

The study provided an insight into the challenges for the confrontation of the project management skills in Nigeria. The study was helpful for the finding of the importance for the use of proper project management skills as a proper qualification in project management. With the help of the management skills the professional in charge of the project would be able to meet the requirement of the client for the production of the best functionality and financially viable project. It has also been identified that there is a lack of the involvement of the client which makes the process of decision making slow and also sub standardized (Wang and Hubbard 2017). Following this there is design error and also poor treatment of the work force of the project. The process of project management has certain limitation in the form of high cost overrun, time delay and organizational structure problems. Several researchers of the project have suggested that the involvement of the client is one of the most important person for the project. This can be achieved with the use of proper communication protocol between the manager, client and the contractor of the project.

The study of the project has provided many strategies for the protection of profession form imposters. The study has also suggested that there should be the use of an active project management body for the regulation of rules and notification for the work of the managers working with any project. It can be concluded that the factor that is used for the influence of planning decision by the mangers is the location of the project.

It is to be recommended that there should be training and skills modification program for the professionals who wants to work on projects. Training courses would be held on a yearly basis to keep the work of the professionals clear from any degrading methods. The government should also work toward the provision of standard improvement for the practice of the profession of project management. There should be standards set forward for the implementation of the penalization of ill practice of the work.

Conclusion

It can be concluded from the assignment that the project management had formed the integration of the activities of project and deploys the management of the construction activities and functions. The deployment of the construction project management had ensured that the project had been constructed and completed successfully. The “Management of construction materials on project site”, “Interfacing and complexity issues in construction project management”, and “Challenges confronting construction project management system for sustainable construction in developing countries” were used for forming the analysis of the concept of the project management in construction projects. The analysis of the first article developed for ensuring that the deployment of the effective management process has considered the purpose and process of material management for construction projects with the help of a research methodology and one statistical technique of S curve analysis for developing the quantitative analysis.

The material planning had been also helpful for managing purchasing of material, storage and inventory control, distribution and supply of materials, quality assurance, and reduction of the project costs. The second paper consisted of a general introduction to the topic, literature review section, research methodology, result and its analysis, and final conclusion. There were three types of interfaces mentioned in the paper namely Organizational Interfaces, Personal Interfaces, and Systematic Interfaces. The complexities of the project were broadly classified into System Behaviour, Human Behaviour, and Ambiguity. The results of the analysis had shown that the communication problem could be solved by the use of the drawings and its approval from the required person. The client, consultants, and main contractors would have to form a subtle communication for ensuring the completion of the project as expected. The final paper was based on the case study of Nigeria and the topic was to study the challenges of the construction project in terms of sustainability.

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