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Hca 5722 Managing The Long Assessment Answers

Question 

Identify and describe the major causes of disease for individuals over age 65 years of age ?

Answer

Major Cause of Disease

The major causes of disease for individuals over the age of 65 years may be multiple. Among the potential reasons that might thwart the lives of the aged individuals, the emanations of chronic diseases like that of cardiovascular problems, cancer, stroke, COPD, diabetes, pneumonia or influenza have been identified to be the leading causes of both morbidity and mortality in the geriatric population. The decreased ability of the bodily systems to adequately function in addition to the natural wearing of tissues due to the complex natural physiological process of aging contribute to the harboring of various chronic diseases in the aged people. In this context, both personal as well as environmental factors have been recognized as determining factors that exert their detrimental influences upon this vulnerable population. The geriatric individuals are most susceptible to acquire infections because of immune-compromised state marked by increased levels of circulating proinflammtory cytokines. The alteration and subsequent dysregulation of the inflammatory pathway might influence the central nervous system thereby leading to the causation of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease (Michaud et al. 2013).  Moreover, changes at the molecular level under the impact of various environmental triggers and faulty lifestyle leads to the generation of oxidative stress that might also accentuate certain pathophysiological changes which underlie the diseased states in such vulnerable population. Further epigenetic and macromolecular damage and their potential role in disease development are also found to affect the aging related disorders in persons above 65 years of age. The crosstalk and interactions or dysregulation of the signal transduction pathways in performing the metabolic functions and activation of the proteostasis pathways have also been depicted to affect the disease causation in the elderly individuals. Association between the declining adult stem cell function and regeneration has also been attributed to link with the development of chronic diseases in aged individuals (Kennedy  et al. 2014). Thus, the vital causes of disease in the geriatric population may occur due to complex interaction and diminished function of the body systems.

References

Kennedy, B.K., Berger, S.L., Brunet, A., Campisi, J., Cuervo, A.M., Epel, E.S., Franceschi, C., Lithgow, G.J., Morimoto, R.I., Pessin, J.E. and Rando, T.A., 2014. Geroscience: linking aging to chronic disease. Cell, 159(4), pp.709-713.

Michaud, M., Balardy, L., Moulis, G., Gaudin, C., Peyrot, C., Vellas, B., Cesari, M. and Nourhashemi, F., 2013. Proinflammatory cytokines, aging, and age-related diseases. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 14(12), pp.877-882.


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