HPRO6715 Foundations of Health Promotion | About Diabetes Mellitus

Introduction

There is a global increase in the number of people living with diabetes mellitus. A variety of factors cause diabetes, but the majority of elements are classified into either type one or type two diabetes. In most cases, when a person is considered to be diabetic, his or her blood sugar is high, or insulin production is inadequate. At times the body's cells do not respond appropriately to insulin and the fact that the individual might be obese it may trigger obesity.  Type 2 diabetes treatment is all about lifestyle modification. Frequent intake of food, regular exercise, avoidance of obesity, and limited alcohol intake are some of the things that are important for diabetic patients (Australia, 2009). Applying appropriate intervention for a patient with diabetes is vital to avoid complications that might result from the unstable condition. American adults bear a disproportionate burden from diabetes and its complications (Selvin, Coresh, & Brancati, 2006).

Mission statement

The mission statement is to emphasize on how to decrease the number of diabetic patients in the united states by the use of interventions and the appropriate approach.

Goals and Objectives

• Identify the various factors that trigger diabetes.
• Identify the various methods that can be used to manage and prevent obesity in united states.
• Implementation of different methods to help reduce obesity and the increase in the number of diabetic patients.

Approaches and interventions

Involvement of the family.

A Family-based intervention is essential for patients living with diabetes (Baig, Benitez, Quinn, & Burnet, 2015). The participation of family members is vital for maintaining the self-management of diabetes. Family members should also consider seeking education on the care methods that are necessary to keep the patient healthy. Moreover, they should also take the role of being responsible for the patient’s health. Most individuals inherit diabetes from the family lineage and are advised to take regular tests (Rodriguez-Palacios, 2014). A change in their lifestyle is also necessary, which means they have to stick to an appropriate diet and engage in physical activity to avoid being obese.

Availability of high fiber and healthy foods

A recent study has shown that the consumption of generic food, lack of physical activity and unhealthy meal planning choice has influenced a negative impact on how we control diabetes (Leontis, 2018). Intake of low–glycemic index foods that are rich in fiber and reduction in the consumption of alcohol is critical when one is trying to prevent, control or treat diabetes (Oberg, 2018). Whole grain foods have a positive impact on how to reduce chronic disease risk and overweight.

Introduction to health programs

Schools

The importance of preventing the increase in the prevalence of diabetes is highlighted substantial (Zhang et al., 2010). The education program is one of the most relevant ways that is used to teach people. A structured program is essential in creating awareness on lifestyle changes such as moderate weight loss and regular physical activity. People should use the applications in schools to promote awareness from an early age.

Hospitals

Healthcare facilities need renovation and improvement on how to offer a service. The development of interventions for health providers and support staff will enhance the management of diabetes (Ricci-Cabello et al., 2013). Despite the knowledge on a patient’s medical status, effective assessment is required to develop a plan on how to treat a patient. Subsequently, nurses should consider factors that may affect the patient during treatment and ensure that the patient takes part in the decision making. In other words, nurses should assess factors that may affect the glycemic control which may trigger more damage to the health of the patient (Meneilly & Tessier 2001).

Internet-based

Internet-based interventions can also be used to educate people on diabetes (Hadjiconstantinou et al., 2016). An easy way of ensuring there is awareness of diabetes is including advertisement of diabetes on YouTube, television, and radios. Besides, it is convenient for users because one can access the information at any time of day or night and from any part of the world. Some individuals and health practitioners have gone an extra mile of advertising physical activities on YouTube.

Campaigns

Introduction of health promotion campaign intervention is also necessary for managing diabetes (Lee & Smith, 2011). Health promotion means that the nurse helps the patients to take part in some activities. Different organizations can engage in the campaign process to enhance the recognition of the disease. It will also encourage people to visit the hospital for routine checkups. The habit of routine checkup is also beneficial in preventing other disorders that may be as dangerous as diabetes.

Program implementation.

Community approach 

Community-based intervention is necessary to decrease the population of people with diabetes. The plan emphasizes on lifestyle change such as proper nutrition, regular physical exercise, and implementation of health behavior therapy to patients with obesity (Kahan, 2016). Communities should also give moral support to obesity people and also have a positive attitude towards these victims.

Responsibility and capitalization of the program

The main agenda of using this program is to control and prevent the increase of obesity in the united states. However, the implementation of the program requires financial support because some of the interventions used need money to set them up. Presentation of the responses also requires people and technology that will enhance the education of obesity and its management to be spread.

The program provides a thorough understanding of the changing behavior of the older generation in the United States. It will also examine the ability of patients to self-manage their diet and how the obese can practice the consumption of high fiber foods to help reduce their calorie intake. The global health funding can be used to finance the program. It takes into account both the government and investors who offer to donate money in the health sector (McCoy, Chand, & Sridhar, 2009).

The theory that is used in planning, implementation and evaluation.

To enhance effective public health, the use of the Transtheoretical model helps to come up with interventions for behavior change treatment (Contento, 2011). The model uses six stages to outline the improvement of behavior changes. Pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance are the main steps involved in the treatment (Riebe & Burbank, 2002). Besides, the theory has two kinds of interventions, the provider’s intervention which aims at changing their counseling practices and the counseling practices for patients (Salmela, Poskiparta, Kasila, Vahasarja, & Vanhala, 2008).  

Evaluation process

The effectiveness of the program is based on how positive or negative it has impacted on the Americans. A decrease in the number of obese patients will show that the program was necessary and all the goals have been met.  The success of the program is a guarantee that the control of obesity is achieved in the long run.

Conclusion

 In conclusion, the use of an Internet-based intervention as well as education programs can come in handy in discovering and managing diabetes. The advantage of using the Internet is that it has a global reach and thus is accessible from anywhere in the world. All the hospitals should advocate for health promotion campaigns to manage diabetes. Such advocacy from hospitals is likely to encourage the habit of regular checkups. All in all, interventions work hand in hand with willing individuals. People should be ready to change their health behaviors. Those who are already sick should believe in the doctors and be prepared to follow up with the medication. They should also be keen on their diet and consider healthy foods that are rich in fiber.

References

Australia, D. (2009). Diabetes | Nutrition Australia. Retrieved from             https://www.nutritionaustralia.org/national/resource/diabetes

Baig, A. A., Benitez, A., Quinn, M. T., & Burnet, D. L. (2015, August 6). Fam            interventions to improve diabetes outcomes for adults. Retrieved from   https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4624026/

Contento, I. (2011). Nutrition Education; Linking Research, Theory, and Practice (2nd ed.,        p. 108). Canada: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Hadjiconstantinou, M., Byrne, J., Bodicoat, D. H., Robertson, N., Eborall, H., Khunti, K.,      & Davies, M. J. (2016). Do Web-Based Interventions Improve Well-Being Type 2 Diabetes? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Medical  internet research, 18(10). Retrieved from https://www.jmir.org/2016/10/e270/

Kahan, S. (2016). Overweight and obesity management strategies. The American journal of   managed care, 22(7 Suppl), s186-96.

Lee, J., & Smith, J. P. (2011, January 30). The effect of health promotion on diagnosis and management of diabetes. Retrieved from            https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3619717/

Leontis, L. M. (2018). Type 2 Diabetes Prevention. Retrieved from:             https://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/type-2-diabetes/type-2-diabetes prevention.

McCoy, D., Chand, S., & Sridhar, D. (2009). Global health funding: how much, where it          comes from and where it goes. Health policy and planning, 24(6), 407-417.

Meneilly, G. S and Tessier, D. (2001). Diabetes in Elderly Adults. The Journals of                Gerontology: Series A, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp. M5–M13,https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.1.M5Oberg, E. (2018, September 20). Type 2 Diabetes Diet Guidelines: Foods to Eat,

Foods to Avoid. Retrieved from https://www.medicinenet.com/diabetic_diet_for_type_2_diabetes/article.htm

Ricci-Cabello, I., Ruiz-perez, I., Nevot-cordero, A., Rodriguez-Barranco, M., Sordo, L., &          Goncalves, D. C. (2013, February 13).

Health Care Interventions to Improve the Quality of Diabetes Care in African Americans: A systematic review and meta-   analysis.

Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3579329/

Riebe, D., & Burbank, P. (2002). Promoting Exercise and Behavior Change in older adults: Interventions with the Transtheoretical Model (p. 62). New York: Springer Publishing Company.

Rodriguez-Palacios, A. (2014). Type I Diabetes Mellitus: Genetic Factors and Presumptive Enteroviral Etiology or Protection. Journal of Pathogens, 2014(738512), 21. Retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/738512

Salmela, S., Poskiparta, M., Kasila, L., Vahasarja, K., & Vanhala, M. (2008, April 11). Transtheoretical model-based dietary interventions in primary care: a review of the evidence in diabetes | Health Education Research | Oxford Academic. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cyn015

Selvin E, Coresh J. and Brancati F. L. (2006). The burden and treatment of diabetes in       elderly individuals in the US. Diabetes Care. 29:2415–2419

Zhang et al. (2010, July). A1C level and future risk of diabetes: a systematic review. PubMed - NCBI. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587727