ITC542 Internetworking with TCP For Open Systems Interconnection
2. be able to ascertain and evaluate selection of applications and protocols for transferring data across the internet; and
3. be able to discuss the evolution and ongoing change of the internet.
Answer:
Introduction
Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model is a conceptual networking framework that defines and represents the implementation of protocols in a layered architecture. There are seven layers included in the OSI model as physical layer, data link layer, network layer, transport layer, session layer, presentation layer and application layer (Cisco, 2006). Transmission Control Protocol/
Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) is a networking model that provides a collection of communication protocols for network inter-connection. There are four layers in this model as network layer, internet layer, transport layer and application layer.
Similarities between OSI and TCP/IP Model
Differences between OSI and TCP/IP Model
|
Parameter |
OSI Model |
TCP/IP Model |
|
Number of Layers |
7 layers |
4 layers |
|
Delivery of Packets |
In this model, the transport layer provides the guarantee in association with the packet delivery |
No guarantee is provided by the transport layer in this case. However, this model is more reliable as compared to the TCP/IP model (Parziale, 2006) |
|
Approach |
Vertical approach |
Horizontal approach |
|
Applicability in real-world |
It is guiding tool which acts as a reference model |
It is based upon OSI model and can be implemented in real-world situations |
|
Service Provided |
Network layer supports both connection-oriented as well as connectionless service |
Supports only connectionless service |
|
Replacement of Protocols |
Easy |
Difficult |
|
Dependency on protocols |
Protocol independent |
Protocol Dependent |
Preferred Model for Networking
TCP/IP model is more useful when working with and describing the networks as compared to the OSI reference model. TCP/IP model is more scalable and reliable in comparison with the OSI model. Also, it supports higher number of routing protocols.
Network layer is present at the bottom of the TCP/IP model provides the network interface with the physical network. Formatting of the data for transmission along with error control is performed at this layer. Networking comprises of a number of data channels and the second layer that is the Internet layer provides a logical framework to allow the data packets to pass through different subnets. Routing of the packets along with mapping of physical addresses to the logical addresses is carried out in this layer (Stevens, 2013). The third layer, transport layer provides flow control and acknowledgement services. The top-most layer that is the application layer acts as an interface between the network and the end-user.
TCP/IP model is preferred as it is closest to the Internet and is also platform independent in nature. The networks and clients supported by this model may include Windows, Macintosh, UNIX and many others. Fault tolerance, quick recovery and low data overhead are the features that add to the utility of the model.
References
Cisco. (2006). Networking Fundamentals. Retrieved 28 July 2017, from https://www.cisco.com/c/dam/global/fi_fi/assets/docs/SMB_University_120307_Networking_Fundamentals.pdf
Parziale, L. (2006). TCP/IP Tutorial and Technical Overview. Retrieved 28 July 2017, from https://www.redbooks.ibm.com/redbooks/pdfs/gg243376.pdf
Sengupta, I. (2017). TCP/IP – Part I. Retrieved 28 July 2017, from https://www.facweb.iitkgp.ernet.in/~isg/INTERNET/SLIDES/Lecture-03.pdf
Stevens, W. (2013). TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 The Protocols. Retrieved 28 July 2017, from https://www.cs.newpaltz.edu/~pletcha/NET_PY/the-protocols-tcp-ip-illustrated-volume-1.9780201633467.24290.pdf
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