ITC560 Emerging Technology and Innovations | Advanced Technology

Machine Learning for Intelligent Decision Making in IoT

Common Currency for IoT

Utilising block chain technology in IoT

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f communication (Ji, Ganchev, O'Droma, Zhao, & Zhang, 2014). The main problem occur in this technology is lack of security and also produce many security risks which is explain in this paper and it is evaluated that in 2030 around 60% of individuals will embrace this innovation and furthermore moves towards the keen urban communities (Memos, Psannis, Ishibashi, Kim, & Gupta, 2018).

Literature review

There are numerous writers that research on the internet of thing and provided any information and data which are discus in this chapter.

Article 1

CITATION	Karthikeyan, S., & Srivaramangai, P. Smart City Based on Internet of Things.
SUMMARY	The title of this paper is smart cities based on the internet of thing which was written by Suman Kumar, Ravindra B. Sathe, and Arun E. Kachare. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the role of IoT in smart cities and how IoT change the way of communication. This paper explains the concept of IoT in smart cities and also explain the concept of the internet of thing.
CRITIQUE	According to this research paper, IoT is one of the most important technologies for communication and it changed the way of communication. In smart cities, this technology plays an important role because it improved communication system and provide a platform to communicate with other devices through the internet. According to author, around 70% of people moved into smart cities because they want to use this modern technology.

Article 2

CITATION	Theodoridis, E., Mylonas, G., & Chatzigiannakis, I. (2013, July). Developing an idiot smart city framework. In Information, intelligence, systems and applications (Lisa), 2013 fourth international conference on, 12, pp. 1-6
SUMMARY	The title of this paper is developing an IoT smart city framework which was written by Evangelos Theodoridis, Georgios Mylonas, Ioannis Chatzigiannakis. This journal paper is clarifying technological challenges in smart cities and the importance of IoT in smart cities.
CRITIQUE	In the last few years, there are numerous writers investigated on this topic and detected that IoT is a domain which provides a platform for communication between two devices using the internet. According to this paper in the next 10 years, this technology will grow to over fifty billion. In smart cities, the biggest problem is the power that means IoT required many sensors which work on power so it required more power which is very difficult.

Article 3

CITATION	Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1(1), 22-32.
SUMMARY	The title of this paper is the internet of thing for smart cities which was written by Andrea Zanella, Nicola Bui, Angelo Castellani, Lorenzo Vangelista, and Michele Zorzi. This paper is explaining the protocols and architecture of IoT in the arena of smart cities.
CRITIQUE	According to the author to design architecture of IoT is the very complex task it required more effort to link all devices with other components. The best application of IoT is smart cities and it increased the process of communication. This paper describes threats and problem occur in smart cities and the role of IoT in communication systems.

Recommendation

IoT play a significant part in the field of Smart cities but there are few drawbacks of this technology such as power consumption, less secure, increase security risks, and more complex to design. This type of problem can be reduced by improving the efficiency of electronic devices and components. To reduce security risks they can improve quality and security systems when IoT is used for communication purpose. Use encryption method when data transfer from one device to another which can reduce security risks.

Future Research

There are several writers studied on this subject and they investigated that there is main two common problems occur when IoT used in smart cities such as lack of security, and power consumption (Anagnostopoulos, Zaslavsy, Medvedev, & Khoruzhnicov, 2015).  In the future research, authors can provide implementation method to reduce this type of problem in smart cities. In future research, we can identify various resources to reduce drawbacks of IoT technology and also evaluate the different process to increase the overall efficiency of this technology (Orsino, Araniti, Militano, Alonso, Molinaro, & Iera, 2016).

Advantages

• More efficient
• Flexible
• Required less time
• Low in cost (Rathore, Ahmad, Paul, & Rho, 2016).

Disadvantages

• Compatibility
• More complex to design
• Less insecurity
• High-security threats and risks (Bohli, Skarmeta, Moreno, García, & Langendörfer, 2015).

Conclusion

IoT is a modern technology which is used for communication purpose and it provides a platform to intact with devices by using an internet connection. In smart cities, it plays a significant role because it changed the way of communication. This paper has explained the importance of the internet of thing in smooth cities and how people use this innovation for communication purpose. There are main two key factors which are the main problem for this technology such as lack of security, and power consumption. There are many examples of smart cities such as traffic lights, transportation systems, tracing of any signal, and automatic lighting systems. The problem of power can be reduced by improving the efficiency of all electronic devices and components.

References

Anagnostopoulos, T., Zaslavsy, A., Medvedev, A., & Khoruzhnicov, S. (2015, June). Top--k Query Based Dynamic Scheduling for IoT-enabled Smart City Waste Collection. In Mobile Data Management (MDM), 2015 16th IEEE International Conference on, 2, pp. 50-55.

Arasteh, H., Hosseinnezhad, V., Loia, V., Tommasetti, A., Troisi, O., Shafie-Khah, M., & Siano, P. (2016). Iot-based smart cities: a survey. In Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC), 2016 IEEE 16th International Conference on, 15(3), pp. 1-6.

Bohli, J. M., Skarmeta, A., Moreno, M. V., García, D., & Langendörfer, P. (2015, April). SMARTIE project: Secure IoT data management for smart cities. In Recent Advances in Internet of Things (RIoT), 2015 International Conference on, 17, pp. 1-6.

Centenaro, M., Vangelista, L., Zanella, A., & Zorzi, M. (2016). Long-range communications in unlicensed bands: The rising stars in the IoT and smart city scenarios. IEEE Wireless Communications, 23(5), 60-67.

Ji, Z., Ganchev, I., O'Droma, M., Zhao, L., & Zhang, X. (2014). A cloud-based car parking middleware for IoT-based smart cities: Design and implementation. Sensors, 14(12), 22372-22393.

Latre, S., Leroux, P., Coenen, T., Braem, B., Ballon, P., & Demeester, P. (2016). City of things: An integrated and multi-technology testbed for IoT smart city experiments. In Smart Cities Conference (ISC2), 2016 IEEE International, 14, pp. 1-8.

Memos, V. A., Psannis, K. E., Ishibashi, Y., Kim, B. G., & Gupta, B. B. (2018). An efficient algorithm for media-based surveillance system (EAMSuS) in IoT smart city framework. Future Generation Computer Systems, 83, 619-628.

Orsino, A., Araniti, G., Militano, L., Alonso-Zarate, J., Molinaro, A., & Iera, A. (2016). Energy efficient IoT data collection in smart cities exploiting D2D communications. Sensors, 16(6), 836.

Rathore, M. M., Ahmad, A., Paul, A., & Rho, S. (2016). Urban planning and building smart cities based on the internet of things using big data analytics. Computer Networks, 101, 63-80.

Zanella, A., Bui, N., Castellani, A., Vangelista, L., & Zorzi, M. (2014). Internet of things for smart cities. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 1(1), 22-32.