MGT4017 Project Management : Public Sector

Answer

Public Sector

The public sector focuses on the financial stability and economic analysis in terms of public services and the government organizations. The services which come under the public sector are categorised as military services, infrastructure services, health care services, public education services, and others. The public organizations are comprised of government association in terms of providing goods and services to the people.

Public Sector of developing countries

The working layout of the public sector in developing countries is weak and requires reformation. The political financial stability is the major cause of reformation. The decision making capability of the government is inefficient. The technological advancement should be imposed on the construction of the new laws and regulation for uplifting the public sector of the developing countries. The quality of service provided to the citizens should be emphasised for improving the existing condition of the public sector in the developing countries. The policies of the government are developed to uplift the living condition of their residents.

Public Sector of developed countries

The public sector of the developed countries is having financial stability to provide services to their residents. The policies of the government are developed to uplift the living condition of their residents. It looks forward to indulge new technology and trends in the working culture of the government. It focuses on developing the foreign relationship with the other countries. The restructuring of the civil services provided to the common public helps in enhancing the earnings in monetary terms which helps in increasing the GDP of the nation.

Private sector

What is a private sector?

The organization or the business runs by an individual or a group of individuals to achieve a means of livelihood. The profit earned by the business helps in analysing the size of the business small, medium, or large. The rules and regulations followed by the company are made by the project owner for achieving the required goal and objective of the enterprise. The private sector focuses on using the new technology and trends for improving the work efficiency of the labour employed to accomplish a desired task. The economic development of the nation depends on the productivity of the private sector. The advantage of the growing private sector in the countries focuses on providing employment to the people at larger scale, increase in the profitability gain, installation of the new equipment and machinery, development of the new services provided to the citizen, modification of the production process, use of digitization in the working environment, and others (Raza, Shah, Khan, and Khalil, 2016). It helps in enhancing the agricultural and the industrial environment of the country.

Private sector of developing countries

The private sector plays an important role in aiding income and sources of income for increasing the gross development profit of the nation. The government give support to the private sector achieving stability. The focus should be given on analysing the following:

• Rules and regulations developed for strengthening the enterprise framework to enhance the profitability ratio of the company
• The required infrastructure should be developed which helps in optimizing the infrastructure of the nation
• Economic feasibility of the nation can be achieved
• GDP of the nation can be improved
• Earning capability and employment ratio can be increased
• Modification and the manipulation of the services provided to the citizens (United states corporate office, 2016)

Private sector of developed countries

The GDP of the developed countries are not directly affected by the organization of business processes of the private sector. The private sector of the developed countries helps in promoting the following:

• Improving the existing infrastructure of the nation
• Promoting the business processes of the existing organization
• Promoting the employment of the local people (Radujkovic, and Sjekavica, 2017)
• Attracting investment from the foreign countries
• Development of NGO’s for managing health and safety of the common people
• Reforming and improving the living standard of the local people
• Promoting green business processes which helps in achieving the environmental sustainability
• providing employment to
  
  the people at larger scale
• increase in the profitability gain
• installation of the new equipment and machinery
• development of the new services provided to the citizen
• modification of the production process
• use of digitization in the working environment

Project

What is Project?

A project is an amalgamation of different processes and procedures which works in a single direction to achieve the strategic goal of the enterprise (Owens, 2010). The project activities are designed for getting work done by the participating units to provide unique services to the end users. The completion of the project is comprised of many phases like the project initiation, requirement gathering, development and designing, evaluation, testing, implementation, operation, and maintenance (Passenheim, 2015). The deliverables of the project completion phase are set in the project initiation phase so that the project activities should be designed according to the mission and vision of the proposed project work. The milestone and delivery dates of the project are pre-decided so that the working process can complete their given task with time and cost associated with it.

Project Success

The success of the project can be measured by evaluating the expectations of the customers with the products and services provided to them. The quality of services provided to the end users is the major factor for the project success. The parameters of expectations, requirement, services, and demands should be measured for calculating the level of success achieved with the construction of the undertaken project (Radujkovic, and Sjekavica, 2017). The feedback and reviews of the end users should be collected for the process of evaluation. The success of the project depends upon the scheduling the cost of the activities. The quality standards should be met for the proposed activities. The net value of the project helps in predicting the significant efficiency of the plan to determine the success factors responsible for achieving the goal objective. The success factors of the project completion are categorised as follows:

• Time: The project is successful if it is getting completed within specified time
• Scope: The project deliverables should focus on the in-scope activities highlighted for the completion of the project
• Budget: The cost of the activities and resources should be predetermined which helps in completing the project within the approved cost and budget of the proposed project
• Schedule: The activities of the project should be carry out according to the developed plan and schedule of the project (Rauber, 2014).
• Quality: The expected quality of the product and services should be determined to evaluate the completion of the project successfully.
• Deliverables: The deliverables of the project should be pre-determined for evaluating the checklist after the completion of the project
• Services and product: The services and the product of the project should be determined during the project initialization (Slovik, 2010).

Project Failure

The complex and the long term project face the chance of project failure which results in disappointment with the project deliverables. The end users are not satisfied with the quality of service and product provided to them after the completion of the project. The quality of the product is the major cause of un-satisfaction with the received product. The failure of the project results into the loss of goodwill and reputation of the company and organization. 50% of the project fails due to the limited supply of resources according to the demand raised by the participating unit which results in the delay of deliverables of the project. The over-running of time and budget will results in the project failure. The focus should be given on the process and procedures which are undertaken to construct the project deliverables. The choice of wrong process for the delivery of the product can results in the failure of the project. The parameters which are used for defining the failure of the project are:

• In-scope and out-of-scope activities are poorly designed
• Inadequacy in achieving the risks identification and mitigation plan
• Inadequacy in determining the assumptions and constraints of the projects
• Lack of incapability of the project manager to take effective decision for the proposed projects
• Wrong selection of the process and procedures
• Ineffective deployment of communication plan for achieving the proposed objectives
• Poor designing of the management policies and control
• Wrong division of roles and responsibilities among the team members
• Lack of job satisfaction of the working employees
• Inefficiency of the project manager in grievance handling of the employees
• Lack of adequacy in the leadership style
• Lack of proper control in managing the documentation
• Lack of tracking requirement of the proposed project
• Lack of tracking the progress of the project
• Lack of determining the project activities
• Lack of determining the time duration of the project
• Lack of determining the cultural differences for the proposed project

Project Management

What is project management?

The organization of the project activities helps in completing the project successfully. The project management is the method or approach which is used for synchronising the planning, organizing, evaluating, managing, and accomplishing the project requirement within the specified time and cost. The project management principles works on dividing the completion of the project activities within the numbers of phases which are comprised of project initiation process, project requirement gathering and analysis, designing and development phase, evaluation and systematic arrangement of activities, testing of the execute project, implementation plan for project closure, and strategic development for the operation and maintenance plan. The systematic arrangement of the communication plan helps in controlling the constraints and risks associated with the project. The deployment of effective communication tools helps in managing the coordination and cooperation among the participant which results in completing the given task within the specified time and duration of the project. The project management methodologies should focus on determining the major constraints associated with the project which is classified as cost, scope, time, schedule, risks, and communication tools. The success of the project management methods can be determined by optimising the flow of information and the completion of the project activities within the given specific time of the project (Wuest, 2010). The implementation of the project schedule helps in initializing the decision making capabilities of the project manager. The coordination and cooperation among the work performance of the project can be determined by the effective efforts of the stakeholders of the projects. The end products of the project help in gaining the competitive advantage and increasing the level of satisfaction of the participating units (Wautelet, 2017).

Project Management success

The implementation of the project management helps in gaining the completion of the project successfully. The accumulation of the tools and technologies are used for managing the project requirement among the working units of the organization to achieve the goals and mission of the project. The success of the project can be achieved by implementing the project management principles which are discussed below in the table:

Particulars	Description
Agile	The proposed project should be agile in managing the issues and quality factors. The complexities of the traditional project should be resolved so that the project can be completed within the given specific time and cost (McDonald, Sundaram, Bravata, Lewis, and Lin, 2013)
Leadership	The success of the project depends upon the leadership quality of the project manager. The project manager should adopt the democratic style of leadership so that the active participation of the team members can be involved which helps in sharing the innovation, ideas, thoughts, and demands of the proposed projects (OECD, 2017).
Scheduling and planning of the proposed project	The systematic arrangement and development of the work breakdown structure helps in completing the project within specified time and cost. The distribution of project activities helps in synchronising the project demand effectively. The required changes should be included according to the demand of the project (Monnappa, 2017)
Visualizing the communication plan	The informal and formal communication should be given privilege to demonstrate the authorisation and authentication in completing the given sequence of project activities. The coordination and cooperation in the stakeholders of the project can be effectively developed with the effective communication plan (Osipova, 2008)
Risk management system	The focus should be given on determining the risks, issues, grievances, problems, and conflicts associated with the project. The proactive determining of the risks helps in developing effective risks management and mitigation strategies.
Work, health, and safety parameters	The project can be successfully completed by focusing on the work, health, and safety of the employees
Resource management	The efficiency of the project completion increases with the effective management of demand and supply of the resources among the participants for designing of the effective plan and processes (Otieno, 2014).

The success of the project management depends upon the process of authorisation of duties. It is the responsibility of the project manager to determine the skills and talents of the working employees for the effective distribution of duties according to the requirement of the project (Moujib and Aziz, 2017). The  milestones of the project should be set according to the expectation of the proposed project demands. The assignment of task should be provided with the time duration.

Project Management failure

The failure of the project management principles fails when the project is incapable of the completing the project requirement within the specified time. The project fails when the methodology adopted for completing the project does not met the time and cost allocated for completing each specified milestone of the project (Wilson, 2012). The determining of the critical path helps in achieving the success of the project but when the critical path of the project activities is not followed than the project will results in the failure. The project management techniques majorly fails due to the following reasons:

Reasons of project management failure	Description
Emphasis is given on project goal not on technical requirement of the project	The project management fails because the emphasis is not given on the technical requirement during the design of the strategic plan for achieving the project completion process successfully
Measuring of the project requirement	Sometimes the schedule of the project is incapable of managing the interdependencies of the project activities. The analysis of the critical factors is not specifically met.
Inconsistency in evaluating the checkpoints	The inconsistency in the evaluation of the checkpoints results in the project delay. The focus is not given on completing the project requirement effectively
Inconsistency in the development of the continuous improvement plan	The project should be updated according to the demand raised by the stakeholders. The incapability of the project manager to deliver the continuous improvement plan can results in the failure of the project
Inefficiency in the division of roles and responsibilities	The success of the project depends upon the level of satisfaction in the working employees. The participants and the working units should be satisfied with the responsibilities provided to them. The division of roles and job description should be according to the skills and talents of the working employees. It is the duty of the project manager to analyse the skills and expertise of the employees before preparing the roles and responsibilities of the stakeholders

The project management mainly fails due to the difference in the correlation between the association of people, processes, and communication according to the requirement of the proposed project (Mansfield community, 2013). The synchronization of the task delivery can be effectively managed by developing an effective communication plan for the proposed business and the project management activities (Lindh, 2012). The failure of project depends upon the assessment of the project charter activities. The inefficiency in the finding of the assessment plan results in the failure of the project

Project Management practice in public sector

The adoption of the project management practice in the public sector helps in developing the strategic plan for the government of the nation to overcome the issues and challenges which exists with the deployment of the project plan and business activities. In the public sector the failure of the project in terms of time delay and overrunning of the cost is not accepted because the efficiency of the good governance depends upon the capabilities of the leaders to specify the given tasks within the allocated time. The working of the government policies focuses on the delivery of product and services from the project undertaken within the specified time and cost (Kharaiweish, 2013). The Success of the project can be evaluated by the completion of the project activities and accomplishment of the business goal and objectives within the give time line. The government participates in analysing the operations and designing of the undertaken project activities plan. The minister are responsible for analysing the development of the project activities of the proposal given by the government in the benefit of the country and its residents. The estimation of the cost and time is in the hand of the ruling party to be get executed for the benefit of the public (Kondapalli, 2017). The issues which are associated with the project management practice in the public sectors are classified as below:

• The delivery of the project depends upon the requirement of the ruling party. The project comes into existence after getting approval from the ministers and council of ministers. The analysis of the critical factors and determining the project objectives helps in satisfying the requirement raised by the government (Firesmith, 2013).
• The infrastructural changes in the organization structure should be carried out according to the demand of the projects. The consistency of the project depends upon the completion of the tasks with respect to project time line, association of the team members, allocation of time duration and resources required, analysis of the cost estimation plan, and synchronisation of the project activities.
• The focus should be given on the management of the resources for the construction of the project within the specified time limit. The operational demand of the project depends on analysing the project requirement.
• Governance of the project activities: The parameters, protocols, and the relationship between the project activities should be determined for initiating the governance of the project schedule.

Project management practice in public sector of developing countries

The developing countries are looking forward to implement the project management practices for improving the condition of the existing projects. The modern projects and the use of technology in developing the project help in improving the condition of the projects in public sector of the developing countries. The effective utilization of project management practices helps in increasing the gain and profit which in turn results in the improvement of country’s economy and GDP. The management of the resources, cost, time, efforts of the labour, corrective action plan, and others helps in achieving the project completion process successfully. The development of the standard protocols helps the government to analyse the key performance indicators for measuring the performance and efficiency of the projects. The government imposes the control features to enhance the productivity of the given project. The project management practice in the public sector of the developing countries focuses on the following:

• Adoption of the technological advancement in the project development plan to involve the modern techniques
• Recruitment of the human resources having high technical skills
• Training and development program should be arranged for the employees to enhance their technical skills and expertise according to the demand of the project
• Defining the roles and responsibilities of the project stakeholders
• Defining the resource management plan
• Improving the decision making capabilities of the government officers by providing instant required information and resources
• Managing effective communication plan among the resources
• Providing effective project management tools and technologies to enhance the project management synchronization process and activities
• Selection of the appropriate project process

Project management practice in public sector of developed countries

The developed countries focuses on adopting the new trends and technologies in the working procedures of the project management practices to improve the functioning and operational capability of the existing organization. The improvement in the organization capability helps in gaining profit which helps in increasing the GDP of the nation. The purpose of the developed countries to adopt the policies of the project management practices are reducing the lengthy processes which are used for the delivery of the product and services to the end users, improving the monitoring and executive administration system, involving the change management policies and procedures, improving the distribution of roles and responsibilities, and development of the cost estimation plan for reducing the variation of cost between the estimated cost and the actual market price of the required resources. The retrieval of the quality product from the undertaken project is the key objectives of implementing the PM tools and technologies in the working culture of the developed countries. There are some risks associated with the adoption of PM tools and technologies in the working environment of the government which are classified as below:

• Resistance from the government employees: The government employees are satisfied with the existing working process of the government. They can put their grievances and resistance to implement change policy in the working environment by adopting the project management practices and plan.
• Change in technology: The capabilities of the employees can be decreased due to the implementation of the change in technology. The changes and the differences can occurred in the cost estimation plan which can results into overrunning of the project
• Time delivery: The changes in technology can results into the incapability of the working employees to deliver the project on time and within the cost.

Project Management practice in private sector

The private sector is majorly depends upon the adoption of the project management practices, tools, and technologies for improving the profit earned by the company. The efficiency of the project manager increases by the deployment of the PM tools and technologies. The project management practices can be changed according to the demand and the decision taken by the stakeholders in improving the working condition of the business processes. The framework of policies and principles should be developed on the basis of requirement specification plan placed by the project owner of the private sector. The failure and the success of the project can be determined by the evaluation checklist and quality parameters set by the project owners in its requirement specification proposal. The role of PM practice in private sector is as follows:

• Setting of project objectives
• Setting of roles and responsibilities of the participants members
• Setting of rules and regulation according to the requirement of the project owner
• Setting of quality standards according to the requirement placed in the requirement specification plan
• Setting of issues, conflict, and grievance handling system
• Setting of the project closure frameworks

Project management practice in private sector of developing countries

The rise and falls of the project depends upon the incorporation of the project management tools, technologies, procedures, and demands. The developing countries motivates the private owners of the business to deploy modern technology to enhance their organization structure because it will results in aiding economic gain in the country’s financial stability. It is the step forward to take a country in the direction of becoming developed countries by increasing the per capita income of the people residing in the nation. The improvement in the skills and talents of the working employees helps in enhancing the efficiency and quality of doing work. The PM tools emphasise on the communication management plan to improve the flow of information and utilization of the resources. The private sector plays an important role in aiding income and sources of income for increasing the gross development profit of the nation. The government give support to the private sector achieving stability.  The framework of rules and regulations helps in guiding the participants to complete the tasks with in the given time frame.

Project management practice in private sector of developed countries

The increment in the global competition results in the development of the organization by making use of the modern technology for completing the project within the given time frame and cost. The organization are looking forward to digitize their work environment with the modern processing techniques of getting better results and opening new opportunities to the working employees to show their hidden talents. The deployment of the training and development program helps the employees to enhance their skills and expertise according to the demand of modern technology. The modernisation of the working process results in improving the underlying problems of the working procedures of process for completing the given tasks. The role played by the project management practices in private sector of the developed countries are Improving the existing infrastructure of the nation, Promoting the business processes of the existing organization, Promoting the employment of the local people, Attracting investment from the foreign countries, Development of NGO’s for managing health and safety of the common people, Reforming and improving the living standard of the local people, modernization of the working procedures and safety principles.

PMO

What is PMO?

The project management office is the department of every business organization which looks forward to improve the project management technologies to gain success of the project. The standard protocols and quality standards are optimized by focusing on the failures of the previous projects. The PMO is deployed for developing the strategic plan to synchronise the project activities to deliver the project completion process successfully. The interconnectivity between the stakeholders can be optimized by the controlling policies of the project management communication plan. The PMO are categorised into four types which are classified as below:

• Enterprise Project Management Office: The EPMO is responsible for developing and broadcasting the strategic plant to synchronise the project activities which in turn helps in improving the decision making capabilities of the project manager. The major function of the EPMO are strategic alignment of tactical decision, authorization control structure, and others.
• Departmental project management office: The major function of the DPMO are initialization of the training and development program for the working employees, analysis of the expertise of the human resources, development of the resource and the communication management plan
• Project PMO: The major role played by the PPMO is to focus on the administrative control over the working process of the project. The control structure should be developed for determining the sequence of activities within the given timeline .
• Project Management centre of Excellence: PMCoE is responsible for developing the standard protocols, tools, and technologies used for managing the coordination and cooperation among the participants. s

PMO Success

The factors which are responsible for measuring the success of the project management office are as follows:

• Monitoring of the management practices: The success of the project depends upon the monitoring of the process and procedures which are established to accomplish the project goal
• Change in the organization structure: The infrastructural changes should be incorporated in the business process by brining changes in the organization infrastructure, processes, and hierarchy followed for the management of business process.
• Division of roles and responsibilities: The roles and responsibilities should be divided according to the skills and expertise of the working employees
• Employee’s technical skills: The deployment of the training and development program helps the employees to enhance their skills and expertise according to the demand of modern technology. The modernisation of the working process results in improving the underlying problems of the working procedures of process for completing the given tasks.

PMO Failure

The factors which are responsible for measuring the failure of the project management office are as follows:

Reasons for PMO failure

No association of Project sponsor

No organization of process management

Political instability

Resistance of the working employees

Inefficiency of the communication plan

Inefficiency of the leadership

Inefficiency of the employees in handling modern technology

Lack of experience

Lack of Remuneration

Lack of Assessment and monitoring program (Ahmed, and Mohammad, 2014)

PMO in public sector

The use of PMO in public sector helps in improving the coordination and alignment of the organization goals. The efficiency of the project plan helps in completing the government project within the given time frame and budget allocated to complete it (Ali, 2010). The deployment of the project management office helps in providing the centralised control over the working process undertaken to complete the tasks successfully. The analysis of the critical activities and setting priority helps in satisfying the government project requirement. The deployment of the communication plan with the effective leadership for the monitoring of the project process helps in improving the efficiency of the proposed project by the government.         

PMO in public sector of developing countries

The efficiency of the project of developing countries can be effectively improved by having centralized control over the project processes by deploying PMO in business management plan. The effective communication helps in filling the gaps which exist in the management of information flow between the different units of the projects. The Success of the project can be evaluated by the completion of the project activities and accomplishment of the business goal and objectives within the give time line. The government participates in analysing the operations and designing of the undertaken project activities plan.

PMO in public sector of developed countries

The use of PMO in the public sector of the developed countries is to bring centralised control on the business processes of the government (Adams, 2017). The setting of the PM office helps in managing the monitoring and control of the processes undertaken. The process of modernization can be effectively laid down. The improvement in the organization capability helps in gaining profit which helps in increasing the GDP of the nation.

PMO in private sector

In the private sector, the individual unit is equipped for demonstrating the policies and procedures of the project management. The implementation of the PMO office helps in increasing the profitability of the organization by completing the project successfully.

PMO in private sector of developing countries

The PMO in private sector of the developing countries helps in managing the seven principles of project management which are initialization, designing, decision making, reporting, directing, and monitoring (Abbassi, and AlMharmah, 2000). The undertaken of the PMO functions results in improving the performance of the project which in turn aids profitability and stability in the economic condition of the developing countries. It is advantageous for the developing countries because it is helpful in increasing the per capita income of the residents of the country.

PMO in private sector of developed countries

The PM Office emphasise on the communication management plan to improve the flow of information and utilization of the resources. The project management office practices can be changed according to the demand and the decision taken by the stakeholders in improving the working condition of the business processes.

References

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