Mn503 Overview Of Internetworking: Computer Assessment Answers

Answer:

Introduction and Background

With the advent of science, the technological development has moved to a state of sheer brilliance considering its remarkable improvements. Computer networking has always been on the list of talking points. The emergence of the computer networks lately begun in the late 1940s. The computer networking system has provided a boost to the present technological development by storing a huge amount of information meant for personal and business purposes [1]. The influence of computer networks is notable in the present internet based devices. The rapid growth of the internet and the evolution of the computer networks begun in the 1990s. This evolution of the computer networks is still carrying on for which the system developers are getting an opportunity to innovate the steady growth of the entire networking system.

Discussion

Chronological Development

The chronological development roughly began in the year 1940 and the most recent development was in the year 2016. In 1940, a teletype was used to send networking signals over the telegraph and in 2016 the internet and computer networking were redefined with the use of dedicated tools [2]. Few developments are still taking place post 2016 due to science and technology.

Table 1: Chronological development of computer networking

(Source: Author) 

Human-centric design approach (past)

Human-centric approaches during the development of the computer networks contain several entities such as the Open Source Internet (OSI) model and the Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) model [3]. In addition to it, the approach also contains networking accessories in the form of evolution of the mouse, keyboard layout and the first Graphical User Interface (GUI) design. The OSI model has seven layers namely Physical layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer and Application Layer. The TCP/IP model contains four layers namely Network Access Layer, Internet Layer, Transport Layer and Application Layer. Networking accessories such as the evolution of the mouse, keyboard and the first GUI design proved to be a boon in the era of initiation of computer networking.

Table 2: Comparison of OSI model and TCP/IP model

(Source: Author) 

A brief discussion of the present-day technology of computer network

The present day technology of the computer networks mainly focuses mainly on the different routing protocols. Static routing and the dynamic routing are the two types of routing techniques [4]. In static routing, a statically configuration of the router is performed to send  traffic signals for dedicated destinations in pre-set directions while in dynamic routing the technique is slightly different as it includes the involvement of several routing protocols such as RIP, OSPF, ISIS, EIGRP and BGP to determine the type of path that the traffic signals should follow. The static routing technique is manual in nature for which it uses simple routing techniques. On the other hand, the dynamic routing technique is automatic in nature for which it involves complex routing algorithms. These routing techniques are used according to the necessities considering the infrastructure and availability of the resources.

Figure 1: Classification of routing protocols

(Source: Internet)

Internet speed comparison past, present and future

Since the inception of the computer networks, the internet connectivity speed has been evolving rapidly. Studies show that the internet speed was very low in the past years of computer networking but with the constant technological development and rigorous innovation of networking tools the present internet connectivity speed has increased to a substantial amount as compared to the internet speed in the past [5]. According to the law of Internet’s bandwidth, the speed of data connection should increase by fifty per cent every year. The networking speed in future is expected to be very high of about 500Mbps serving all the users instantly according to their needs. Developers are currently experimenting with one Terabit transfer rate. However, the connectivity speed depends upon several factors like the provider, area and the type of connection.

Table 3: Internet speed over the years

(Source: Author)

Human-centric design aspects (present)

The science and technology that had begun its journey long way back, has come through a lot of innovations and developments over the years. The tools used at present are more sophisticated than that used in the past to obtain an output. With every day of development, human beings are moving closer to the technology and a better understanding between the humans and the systems is being established with the practice of the modern day ergonomics [6]. In earlier days, the CPU along with other computer hardware accessories used to be present along with the monitor. With the latest developments, the CPU has been integrated with the computer screens with a motive of reducing extra space. Today, touchscreens have enabled users to interact directly with the information processing system over an electronic visual display. The mobile applications have provided an additional boost to the users in easing the interactions with the responsive systems.

Figure 2: Pathway of computer networking

(Source: Internet)

Discussion on future computer networks

The technological developments made during the past until the present are remarkable advances in science in various genres. The aspects of computer networking have grown enormously over the years. The future scope of computer networking is very high considering its rapid evolution over the years. Networking in future will help in providing a seamless internet connection to the users for connecting a large number of systems, devices and smart equipment. All the users will be able to store and manage their information by availing the Cloud Computing tools [7]. With the help of Software Defined Networking (SDN), users will be able to effectively program, adjust, manage and configure devices over a flexible network that will provide dynamic adaptability. Intelligent networks and Internet of Things (IoT) will help in remotely accessing several appliances reducing cost and time [8].

Figure 3: Structure of Cloud Computing

(Source: Internet) 

Discussion of future computer networking technologies

Latest developments in computer networking have aided in providing better facilities to improve the internet connectivity along with the integration of several electronic appliances. The present conditions of computer networking are working on various aspects like the Cloud Computing, the Software Defined Networking (SDN), Intelligent Networking and Internet of Things (IoT). Cloud Computing is a computer networking technology where the networking elements are not addressed or managed individually, but the connection is maintained through a virtual cloud. Information can be easily managed over cloud computing platforms. Software Defined Networking is an emerging architecture, which is dynamic in nature. It is where a control plane controls several devices [9]. Intelligent Networking is an architecture in which the service logic is isolated from the switching facilities allowing flexibility in the modification of services [10]. Internet of Things is a platform through which several devices can be remotely accessed through a dedicated network.

Conclusion

From the above sections discussed in the above sections of the report, it can be concluded that computer networking has proved to be one of the remarkable technological developments. The computer networks are the integral results of the evolution of the computers and the technologies used for communication. The history, the present and the future of computer networking has been analysed and discussed properly making critical judgements in each of the sections. The history of computer networking deals with the inception of the topic and its impact in the past. The present of computer networking deals with the application of the current technologies along with the latest upgradations. The future scope talks about the upcoming impacts of computer networking in the world.

References

• White, Russ, and Ethan Banks. Computer Networking Problems and Solutions: An innovative approach to building resilient, modern networks. Addison-Wesley Professional, 2017.
• Gebali, Fayez. Analysis of computer networks. Springer International Publishing, 2015.
• Alani, Mohammed M. "Guide to OSI and TCP/IP models." 2014.
• Dhenakaran, Dr SS, and A. Parvathavarthini. "An overview of routing protocols in mobile ad-hoc network." International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer Science and Software Engineering2, 2013.
• Pearce, Katy E., and Ronald E. Rice. "Digital divides from access to activities: Comparing mobile and personal computer Internet users." Journal of Communication4, 2013, pp. 721-744.
• Salmon, Paul M., et al. "Fitting methods to paradigms: are ergonomics methods fit for systems thinking?." Ergonomics 2, 2017, pp. 194-205.
• Arora, Rachna, Anshu Parashar, and Cloud Computing Is Transforming. "Secure user data in cloud computing using encryption algorithms." International journal of engineering research and applications4, 2013, pp. 1922-1926.
• Gubbi, Jayavardhana, et al. "Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions." Future generation computer systems7, 2013, pp. 1645-1660.
• Kim, Hyojoon, and Nick Feamster. "Improving network management with software defined networking." IEEE Communications Magazine2, 2013, pp. 114-119.
• Friedrichsen, Mike. Handbook of social media management: Value chain and business models in changing media markets. Springer, 2013.