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Nursing Assignment Question Answer

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Question 1

Several studies have found that approximately 85% of cases of lung cancer are due to cigarette smoking. This measure is an example of :

Correct Answer: An attributable risk

Question 2

The results of a 10-year cohort study of smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) are shown below:


OUTCOME AFTER 10 YRS

At the Beginning of the Study

CHD Developed

CHD Did Not Develop

2,000 Healthy smokers

65

1,935

4,000 Healthy nonsmokers

20

3,980

The incidence of CHD in smokers that can be attributed to smoking is :

Correct Answer:

The correct answer is 27.5 per 1,000

Attributable risk = incidence rate in the exposed – incidence rate in the nonexposed (See page 231)

Incidence rate among smokers = 65 cases/2,000 population at risk x 1000= 32.5 per 1,000

Incidence rate among nonsmokers = 20 cases/4,000 population at risk x 1000 = 5 per 1,000

32.5 per 1,000 – 5 per 1,000 = 27.5 per 1,000 27.5 cases of CHD per 1,000 population are due to smoking

Question 3

The results of a 10-year cohort study of smoking and coronary heart disease (CHD) are shown below:

OUTCOME AFTER 10 YRS

At the Beginning of the Study

CHD Developed

CHD Did Not Develop

2,000 Healthy smokers

65

1,935

4,000 Healthy nonsmokers

20

3,980

The proportion of the total incidence of CHD in smokers that is attributable to smoking is:

Correct Answer:

The correct answer is 84.6% See page 231 Formula 12-2

The proportion of the incidence in the total population = (( incidence in exposed group – incidence in nonexposed group)/incidence in exposed group )x 100

Incidence rate among smokers = 65 cases/2,000 population at risk x 1000= 32.5 per 1,000

Incidence rate among nonsmokers = 20 cases/4,000 population at risk x 1000 = 5 per 1,000

(32.5 per 1000 – 5 per 1000)/ 32.5 per 1000 = 84.6%

Question 4

In a cohort study of smoking and lung cancer, the incidence of lung cancer among smokers was found to be 9/1,000 and the incidence among nonsmokers was 1/1,000. From another source we know that 45% of the total population were smokers.

The incidence of lung cancer attributable to smoking in the total population is:

Correct Answer:

The correct answer is 3.6 per 1,000

The incidence in the total population = incidence in smokers (%smokers in population ) + (incidence in nonsmokers) (% nonsmokers in the population) = 9 per 1,000 (.45) + (1 per 1,000) (.55) = 4.05 per 1,000+ 0.55 per 1,000 = 4.60 per 1,000

Attributable risk = incidence in total population- incidence in non exposed group = 4.60 per 1,000 – 1 per 1,000 = 3.6 per 1,000

Question 5

In a cohort study of smoking and lung cancer, the incidence of lung cancer among smokers was found to be 9/1,000 and the incidence among nonsmokers was 1/1,000. From another source we know that 45% of the total population were smokers.

The proportion of the risk in the total population that is attributable to smoking is:

Correct Answer:

The correct answer is 78.3 % Page 233 Formula 12-4

The proportion of the incidence in the total population attributable to the exposure =( ((incidence in total population ) –(incidence in nonexposed group) )/ incidence in total population )x 100 = (4.6 per 1,000 – 1 per 1,000)/ 4.6 per 1,000 = 78.3%

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