TB801 Technology and innovation management : IT Enabled Business Tren
As technology rapidly progresses, some proponents of artificial intelligence believe that the rapid advances that are taking place in Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence help solve some of the complex social challenges and offer immortality via virtual humans.
But AI’s critics are sounding the alarm going so far as to call its development an “existential threat” to mankind. Their argument extends to their fears that risks and threats posed by AI far outweigh perceived benefits and according to Stephen Hawking, the development of full Artificial Intelligence could spell end of human race.
You are required to produce a research essay, drawing extensively on the literatures available, on benefits and threats of AI and machine learning.
Answer:
Introduction:
The AI is the new tool which is used for handling heavy data of the internet. “The concept of artificial intelligence depends on the machine learning capability because processing of the information and developing new relationship is the core concept of the AI technology” (Mannino, 2015). Artificial intelligence is the field of study which is based on developing intellectual tasks for the machines. The fundamental building blocks of developing technologies based n AI uses the strategy for solving puzzles, knowledge representation, plan, learning capability, communication, and integration of skills. The goal of the AI is to manipulate the object in the field of reasoning, planning, knowledge, natural learning processing, and learning. “The AI depends on the statistical methods and computational intelligence” (Tegmark, 2013). The step by step procedures are developed to provide reasoning concept to solve complex puzzles within the fractions of seconds.
“The sensors are used for perception in the development of technology such as speech recognition system, facial recognition system, object recognition system, and many more” (Sotala, 2014). The object manipulation is the basic task performed in the AI. The concept of AI technology depends on the effective utilization of tools such as search and optimization tools, Creation of logic using logic programming, uncertain reasoning with the use of probabilistic methods, learning methods for classifiers and statistics approach, neural network, use of control theory, aritificial intelligence programming languages, and others. The concept of AI is effectively used for improving the working capabilities of various fields such as health care, automotive industry, finance, and accounting, games, and others.
Machine Learning:
Machine learning is the backbone of artificial intelligence. It is the method of analysing the data for the development of analytical model. The iterative method is emphasised in the machine learning concept. The reliable result of pattern recognition increases the efficiency of machine learning. The growing need of artificial intelligence increases the demand of machine learning. The big data is effectively stored in large chunks of memory. The virtual server are responsible for providing instant information to the customer on their demand. The trial and error method in the basic methodology used in the development of program based on heterogeneous data set. Some of the techniques
which are effectively used in the machine learning concept are named as supervised learning, semi-supervised learning, unsupervised learning, and reinforcement learning. The machine learning algorithms are used for developing neural networks, random forests, sequence discovery, decision tree, vector machine, bagging and boosting, and others are the foundation of the artificial intelligence. It provides the exploration and visualization of data in the graphical user interface for the implementation of artificial intelligence. The following process flow diagram shows the structure of machine learning concept.
Literature Review:
In the last few decades, the artificial intelligence is tremendously used by in the development of smart software. “The technology is completely changed with the inclusion of subfields of AI in the building of the software such as machine learning, image processing, natural language processing, and data mining” (Fox, 2013). For example Google search bar and Gmail spam filter make use of machine learning. The facial recognition technique is dependent on the image processing concept of AI. The data mining is the technology used for searching a single word from th huge of data available. The AI is the new tool which is used for handling heavy data of the internet. The concept of artificial intelligence depends on the machine learning capability because processing of the information and developing new relationship is the core concept of the AI technology. The accurate response can be generated with the hard coding of stimuli. With the advancement in machine learning coding it is getting harder to differentiate between human-human interaction and human-computer interaction. The research is going in the field to develop efficient methods to increase the machine learning capability. The machine learning technologies are capable of detecting complex human emotion with the sharing of audio data. The precision is given to the development hard coding algorithm. “The accuracy in the relationship can be achieved by linking of the information” (Pannu, 2015). The development of the artificial intelligence depends on the machine learning capabilities which in turn depends on the gathering of data, deriving equation for matching of the data with each point, analysing the frequently derived equation, and implementation of physical law and formulas. The machine intelligence is termed as artificial intelligence. The ability of developing the machine which can think by them is called as AI. The research is in the progress to add emotions with the machine so that they can behave exactly like the human. The data analysis can automatically builds the analytical model with the help of machine learning capability. The machine learning follows the iterative aspect of algorithm for exposing the new data. The machine learning concept is well-efficient in carrying out the operations like fraud detection, search provides web results, real time concepts associated with the web pages and the mobile devices, analysis of text based sentiments, offers based no credit scoring ,proactive prediction of equipment failures, development of new pricing models, intrusion detection and prevention on the network, pattern and image recognition, and filtering of email spam. In the last few decades , it has been seen that the concept of AI depends on the fundamental of automatic generation of perception, learning capability, reasoning and understanding, and others.” AI is capable of translating the languages in the real time environment” (Chella, 2016). The science and medicine gets a vast improvement with the use of artificial technology and intelligence. The complication of the patient can be resolved with the implementation of AI. It provides efficient interaction between clinician and patient located at remote places. The potential risks associated with the growth of the business can be effectively and ubiquity resolved by using the methodology of AI and machine learning capability. The survival of the humanity can be threatened with the innovative advancement in the technology of Artificial intelligence. “The objective of the artificial intelligence is to promote the area of investment, activity, and reflection” (Dietterich, 2015). The errors occurred in the ordinary software can be resolved with the implementation of software based on AI. The software quality is improving in the field of controlling of the automobiles, development of weapon system, and surgical robots. The quality assurance can be received by utilizing the concept of verification and validation. The unforeseen situation can be proactively resolved with the technological advancement of AI. With the advancement of technology, it opens a new door for the cyber attacker to become active and gets new method for cyber-crime. The AI technology uses the same concept of detecting malware and viruses as in traditional software. “The humanity and society get threatened when super intelligence goes out of control from the hands of humans” (Arcus, 2015). The research is going in the field of developing action plan to mitigate risks of the cyber-attack. The AI is good enough to provide devices for blind to see, disabled person to walk, and deaf to hear. The rapid development has been seen in the field of artificial intelligence. The long term and short term goal of the organization can be effectively achieved by utilizing the concept of AI and machine learning capabilities. There are various myths and rumours associated with the development of Ai. “The technology of AI is based on the thoughts and assumptions of the human mind” (Wu, 2014). The ability of learning of the computer can be increased by using the hard codes which is based on techniques of pattern recognition and learning theory of computation. It is well efficient in performing the operation of email spam filtering, intruder detection on the network, proactive action plan for mitigating data breaches, developing of computer vision, and optical character recognition. The basic concepts which are followed in developing hard codes for generating response to the stimuli by the machine depend on computational statistics and mathematical optimization.
Myths and facts about AI:
|
Myths |
Facts |
|
Super intelligence |
The researchers thinks that it will be developed in the coming decades or century |
|
AI is converting to evil |
The increasing competency can misaligned the activities of AI |
|
It is conscious. Consciousness is the meaning of intelligence |
The increasing competency can misaligned the activities of AI. The AI focuses on the Intelligence but due to misunderstanding many people think it as a concern of consciousness |
|
Main concern is the development of robot |
Main concern is the misaligned intelligence |
|
AI can have full control on humans |
Human are the master of machinery |
|
There is no target of machine |
The working of the AI is target-centric |
|
Learning of the AI is similar to human |
The AI are potentially strong to work like human but their learning depends on the computer program developed by humans |
|
Walking and talking robot are called as Robot |
AI is the new technology which provides many benefits for example robots |
Benefits of AI:
- The artificial intelligence decreases the chance of occurrence of errors by promoting greater precision and accuracy.
- The exploration of space can be effectively done by the application using AI
- The hostile environment can be created on the machine
- The intelligent robots can adapt themselves according to the planetary atmospheric condition
- “The work of the human beings can be reduced to very high extent. The laborious tasks can be efficiently done by the robots” (Russel, 2015).
- The development of the smart phones is an example of the AI which provides many utilities to the people for doing their lots of work such as navigation, booking of train and flight tickets, online shopping, video calling, and others.
- The smart card system is capable of detecting frauds. The financial institution can effectively manage their records with accuracy.
- The use of digital assistants in the organization reduces the dependency on the human.
- Emotions do not affect the thinking of the artificial thinkers. They do not play any role of partiality.
- The time consuming tasks can be effectively done within the fraction of seconds such as solving complex puzzles.
- The complex tasks can be effectively done in the parameters of time and quality
- “The tremendous advancement can be seen in the field of medical science which helps in detecting the diagnosis at a much faster rate and improving the condition of the patient” (Waish, 2015).
- The science and medicine gets a vast improvement with the use of artificial technology and intelligence. The complication of the patient can be resolved with the implementation of AI. It provides efficient interaction between clinician and patient located at remote places.
- The potential risks associated with the growth of the business can be effectively and ubiquity resolved by using the methodology of AI and machine learning capability.
- Robotics radio surgery is the active mechanism used in the precision of tumours by overcoming the problem of damaging surrounding tissues.
- Large amount of data can be stored and accessed with the machine in comparison to human minds
- The repetitive tasks can be performed for much longer time or till the user asked to stop the continuity of work.
- The internet of things is the emerging trends in the business curriculum using the technology of sensor and actuators.
Threats:
- The rapid maintenance and repair is the major problem associated with the technologies based on AI
- The program should be changed according to the changing requirements. The breakdown and cost is repair is significantly high in the development of smarter application. The restoring of code is the time consuming process in the environment of AI
- The ethics and moral values do not play any importance in the technology of artificial intelligence. It is the major concern area of utilizing the concept of AI. The replicas of ethical correct human being should be developed or not.
- They are not able to perform differently in different situation. They will perform similarly according to the coding done on them.
- The technologies are not situation dependent while they are coding dependent.
- Lack of human touch in providing medical facility.
- The artificial intelligence is far away from the human intutive abilities.
- The threat of cyber security is the major concern with the field of artificial intelligence.
- The humanity and society get threatened when super intelligence goes out of control from the hands of humans.
- With the advancement of technology, it opens a new door for the cyber attacker to become active and gets new method for cyber-crime.
- The organizational behaviour can be get affected by the cyber security.
- The AI technology uses the same concept of detecting malware and viruses as in traditional software.
- The pattern of behaviour can be affected by cyber-crime activities.
- The efficacy of the hacking campaign is increasing with the advancement of technology.
Continuous changes in the business trends:
“The AI in its infant stage becomes the leader of organizational team to provide efficiency in the organizational working structure” (Olds, 2014). The restructuring of the organization using the technology of AI completely transform the working scenario of HR department, finance department, and others. The investment cost can be increased with the implementation of smart devices with the increase in profit for the long term. The smart card system is capable of detecting frauds. The financial institution can effectively manage their records with accuracy. The use of digital assistants in the organization reduces the dependency on the human. The development of the artificial intelligence depends on the machine learning capabilities which in turn depends on the gathering of data, deriving equation for matching of the data with each point, analysing the frequently derived equation, and implementation of physical law and formulas. The problems of the organization can be solved within the fraction of seconds. “The trends which are seen in the deployment of AI in the working curriculum of the organization are advancement in the concept of machine learning, use of intelligent apps” (Ghallab, 2013), Intelligent thinking fundamentals, concept of virtual and augment reality, digital collaboration, distributed ledgers and block chaining, development of conversational system, development of service architecture and mesh of application, organised platform for digital technology, and development of adaptive security architecture. The social media platform changes the complete scenario of the enterprise with the increase of profit rate. The big data of the business can be efficiently managed with the help of analytical tools and technologies such as Hadoop, the internet of things is the emerging trends in the business curriculum using the technology of sensor and actuators. “The cloud based IT services are capable of using the resources in the efficient manner” (Bhughin, 2017). The transformation of the services helps in increasing the monetization of the company. The better opportunity options are opened for the consumer markets. The availability of products and services online helps in providing to the door step of the customers on their demand. The automation in the knowledge work helps in reducing the physical labour and transactional manual task. “The productivity can be enhanced by using the powerful AI technologies which is capable of developing smart application for the organization” (Yudkowsky, 2016).
Application of AI:
The artificial intelligence is tremendously gaining acceptance in many applications such as methods used for problem solving, methods used for game playing, fundamentals of theorem proving, understanding of natural language processing, generation of perception through speech recognition and pattern recognition, image processing, development of expert system, vision computing, development of robots, instruction assistance for intelligent computer, automatic programming, system used for planning and decision support, comical analysis and engineering design, architecture for neural network, heuristic classification, and many more.
It has been seen that the expert system is used in performing air operation division. The artificial intelligence provides the training simulators for setting of the mission management and providing tactical and statistical decision making support. Airplane simulators provide the vision of the simulated flights. In the field of education, the digital tutor is helpful in solving all the complex problems within the fraction of seconds. Massive open online course helps the students to take online tuitions. The sector of finance makes use of AI for bringing accuracy in the calculation of profit for the organization. The company owner can take good decision of investment by analysing the report of the financial condition of the organization. In the heavy industry many jobs can b carried out by digital assistants rather than depending on humans. Artificial intelligence plays an important role in the field of medicine and hospital because the interpretation of the medical images through the computer aided devices brings accuracy. Robotics radio surgery is the active mechanism used in the precision of tumours by overcoming the problem of damaging surrounding tissues.
The analysis of the heart sound can be easily detected. The information of the patient can be easily fetched by the doctor by the doctor situated remotely by using the concept of data mining. The concept of AI is effectively used for improving the working capabilities of various fields such as health care, automotive industry, finance, and accounting, games, and others. The consultation can be provided to the patient from remote areas in case of emergency. Online telephone customer service is the live example with which we all are familiar. It can be seen at railways stations and bus stands also for the announcements of train timing and bus timing.
Conclusion:
The research is going in the field to develop efficient methods to increase the machine learning capability which in turn increases the effectiveness of the artificial intelligence. The growing need of artificial intelligence increases the demand of machine learning. The trends which are seen in the deployment of AI in the working curriculum of the organization are advancement in the concept of machine learning, use of intelligent apps, Intelligent thinking fundamentals, concept of virtual and augment reality, digital collaboration, distributed ledgers and block chaining, development of conversational system, development of service architecture and mesh of application, organised platform for digital technology, and development of adaptive security architecture. The rapid development has been seen in the field of artificial intelligence. The long term and short term goal of the organization can be effectively achieved by utilizing the concept of AI and machine learning capabilities.
References:
Arcus, S. (2015). Determining our future: Artificial intelligence 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.chapmantripp.com/Publication%20PDFs/CTIODReportArtificalIntelligence.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Bughin, J. (2017). IT enabled business trends for the decade ahead 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/high-tech/our-insights/ten-it-enabled-business-trends-for-the-decade-ahead [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Chella, A. (2016). Artificial intelligence and robotics. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/220672741_Artificial_Intelligence_and_Robotics [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Dietterich, T. (2015). Benefits and risks of artificial intelligence 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://medium.com/@tdietterich/benefits-and-risks-of-artificial-intelligence-460d288cccf3 [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Fox, M. (2013). Industrial application of artificial intelligence 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.eil.utoronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/other/papers/fox-robotics86.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Ghallab, M. (2013). Robotics and artificial intelligence: A perspective on deliberative functions 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://homepages.laas.fr/felix/publis-pdf/aicom13.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Mannino, A. (2015). Artificial intelligence opportunities and risks 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://ea-foundation.org/files/ai-opportunities-and-risks.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Olds, S. (2014). A literature review of artificial intelligence 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://samolds.com/static/files/ai3014.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Pannu, A. (2015). Artificial intelligence and its application in different areas. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.ijeit.com/Vol%204/Issue%2010/IJEIT1412201504_15.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Russel, S. (2015). Research priorities for robust an beneficial artificial intelligence 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/~russell/papers/aimag15-research-agenda.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Sotala, K. (2014). Advantages of artificial intelligence, uploads, and digital minds. 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://intelligence.org/files/AdvantagesOfAIs.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Tegmark, M. (2013). Benefits and risks of artificial intelligence 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://futureoflife.org/background/benefits-risks-of-artificial-intelligence/ [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Waish, T. (2015). Artificial intelligence should benefit society not creates threat 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://phys.org/news/2015-01-artificial-intelligence-benefit-society-threats.html [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Wu, F. (2014). Artificial intelligence here we come 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://webershandwick.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/AI-Ready-or-Not-report-Oct14-FINAL_BE.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
Yudkowsky, E. (2016). Artificial intelligence as the positive and negative factor in the global risk 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://intelligence.org/files/AIPosNegFactor.pdf [Accessed 09 Jun. 2017].
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