49125 Environmental Risk Assessment Answers Assessment Answers
Q1. 25%
In risk assessment, the probability of occurrence is one of the key parameters. In a study of fish health in a local river, the mean weight of all fish is 75 g and the standard deviation is 8
- Assuming that the fish weight is normally distributed, calculate the probability of local fish that weigh:
(a) between 60 and 78 g.
(b) more than 93 g.
(c) less than 64 g.
(d) equal to 62 g. using the Statistical Tables 1-3 provided on UTSonline.
Q2. 25%
Following fish death in a local river, an insecticide called malathion was detected due to chemical discharge. The insecticide concentration was assumed to be normally distributed, with a population mean concentration (m) of 0.152 µg/L, and population standard deviation
(s) of 0.020 µg/L. A sample of n = 80 was subjected to further chemical analysis. Estimate the probability that malathion concentration would fall:
(a) above 0.159 µg/L
(b) between 0.148 and 0.156 µg/L
(c) below 0.150 µg/L
(d) between 0.145 and 0.154 µg/L using the Statistical Tables1-3 provided on UTSonline.
Q3. 25%
A property developer is proposing a contaminated land for housing development. As the advisor for the city council, you are responsible for conducting a detailed assessment of the land about its suitability for housing. Elaborate (1) your overall approach, (2) how you will gather data about the contaminated land, and (3) how to assess data quality.
Q4. 25%
Marine fish are consumed daily in a coastal population in Malta. However, such fish were found to contain methyl-mercury (methyl-Hg) which is highly toxic, with a recommended reference dose (RfD) of 0.1 µg/(kg body weight-day). To assess the risk from fish consumption to adult human health in the community, an investigation was conducted with the following results, with methyl-Hg concentrations following a normal distribution:
Answer:
Environment Risk Assessment
The assignment on the environment risk assessment covers the study fish health in the local river, the concentration of malathion concentration in the local river, assessment of the level of contamination of local land allocated for housing development.
- Probability of fish weighing between 60 g and 78 g with mean 75 g and standard deviation of 8
For a normal distribution, with the weight of fish to be 60 g
From the tables, the percentage at which is 3.01%.
With the weight of fish to be 78 g
From the tables, the percentage at which is 64.80%.
The percentage of the weight of fish is between 60 g and 78 g is;
Therefore the probability is 0.6179
- Probability of fish weighing of fish weighing more than 93 g
From the tables, the percentage at which is 98.78%.
Therefore to get the probability in which the weight of fish is higher than 93 g;
- Probability of fish weighing of fish weighing less than 64 g
From the tables, the percentage at which is 8.38%.
Therefore to get the probability in which the weight of fish is less than 64 g;
- Probability of fish weighing 62 g.
The probability of finding weight to be 62 g is 0.0516.
- Probability Of Malathion Concentration In The River
The probability that malathion concentration with mean 0.152, standard deviation 0.020 and a sample size of 80.
- The probability that malathion concentration will fall above
For the normal distribution;
From the tables, the percentage at which is 99.89%.
Therefore to get the probability in which the concentration of malathion fall above 0.159 is;
- The probability that malathion concentration will fall between
At the concentration of
From the tables, the percentage at which is 2.28%.
At the concentration of
From the tables, the percentage at which is 97.72%.
Therefore the probability that malathion concentration will fall between is;
- Probability that malathion concentration will fall below
From the tables, the percentage at which is 15.87%.
Therefore the probability of the malathion falling below 0.150;
- Probability that malathion concentration will fall between
When the concentration is
From the tables, the percentage at which is 0.002%.
When the concentration i
From the tables, the percentage at which is 84.13%.
Therefore the probability that malathion concentration will fall between is;
- Contamination Assessment
- Overall approach
The overall approach is to establish the components in the soil that can deem a land unsuitable for housing development. The sample of the soil from the land to be developed is taken for analysis in the laboratory. Different test can be conducted and on the soil. If it is contaminated by the radioactive elements, the amount of such elements can be measured to establish the level hazard they can impose on health. I will use the z-distribution approach in analyzing these levels and finding the probabilities and percentages of the availabilities of such elements and chemical. (V.V., 2005)
- Gathering data for such analysis.
To gather data, I will subdivide the land to be developed into two sections and label them section A and section B. The divided sections will also be subdivided into further smaller sections each. Using appropriate tools, I will take small samples of soil from the subdivisions of section A put them in different containers. I will also take soil samples from the subdivisions of section B and put them in another container. The concentration of the chemicals thought to have contaminated the soil will determined through titration and other methods to obtain the desired values. The data from different soil samples from different sections will then be recorded in the paper for statistical analysis. (A. E. Milne, 2009)
- Assessing the data quality
After recording the data we found in step 2, we subjected them for statistical analysis to establish the significance of their concentration. We develop a hypothesis. We then calculate the mean of the data we found from the field and the standard deviation. We then calculate the probabilities of finding concentration of the elements and comparing means to establish the statistical significances.
- METHYL-Hg CONCENTRATIONS IN FISH
- Description of hazard
Mercury occur naturally in soil, water and even air. Exposure to mercury even in small amount can be very dangerous and can cause serious health problems and pose a lot of threat to the development of fetus and child early life. Mercury also have toxic effects on the immune, nervous and digestive systems. Lungs, eyes, skin and kidneys can also be affected by the toxic effects of mercury. In the fish, people are mainly exposed to methylmercury which has high health risks.
- Assessment of health risk to human population concerned.
The maximum daily intake of mercury in three species of fish are;
References
V.V., M., 2005. TOPICAL INTEREST IN MEDICO-ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK IN PEOPLE 'S SICKNESS RATE FROM DRINKING WATER CONTAMINATION BY HEAVY METALS IN THE ARCTIC ZONE WITHIN URBANIZED BARENTS REGION. p.
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