COMP2772 Web Based Systems Development Thesis-The History and Evolutio
• The literature review should report the relevance of three to five academic papers
• An example of a literature review will be available on FLO
• To be discussed with you tutor through out the semester in tutorial sessions
• From the available academic papers, you should be able to create a research question
• You should frame your thesis in terms of the question with supporting material by quoting and/or citing material from your references from your bibliography Topics will be allocated to you in your allocated tutorial session in week 4 or via 1-2-1.
If you miss the tutorial session, you will be require to make an appointment with the lecturer during the consultation times, to be assigned a topic.Must use the Harvard quoting, citing and referencing format.Please use a suitable tool like Endnote or Zotero to collate reference papers and create your bibliography.Diagrams, graphs or images may be included in appendices and are not included in the body of the thesis and will not contribute towards thesis page count.
Any sources or attributions in your referencing must be additional to content. The cover page and TOC are also additional to content. PDF Format ONLY. The file name MUST be FAN_Assignment1.pdf - where FAN is YOUR FAN (e.g. abcd1234_Thesis.pdf). You MUST include your name and student number on the TOP LEFT HAND Side only It must have standard margins, single spacing, and no more than one line gap between paragraphs. Arial/Helvetica fonts only, size 12 for the main content (headers etc size 14-16 only). Nothing else will be accepted.
Answer:
This study will showcase the HTML and its evolution in formatting standard. This study also highlights a research question as well.
Research question
How does the HTML evolution improvise the website designing?
Hyper Text Markup Language is popularly known as the HTML and they are utilized to design the website. The technology has evolved a lot and so as the HTML.
Overview of HTML and HTML5 features
The basis of HTML
HTML is a programming language used by the web designers and the web developers to develop a website. The HTML code incorporated with CSS and JavaScript enhances the web design. The standards that are used for HTML and the CSS are updated and managed by The World Wide Web Consortium (Deng et al. 2017). The HTML codes are typically represented by the tags, the angle brackets to properly categorize the code snippets.
The history and evolution of HTML
The HTML is constantly evolving to make the technology
more acceptable for the end users. The older versions of HTML are now obsolete and HTML4 is prevalent in the modern era, the HTML4 has come up with an innovative option with the creation of templates (Georgiev, Dimitrov and Georgieva 2017). Now with the aid of HTML4 web designers have little control over the speed of the web page and the contents interpretation of the website.
The gradual improvement of web development
With the advent of new technology, with the advent of smartphones, tablets, the users are now using browsers, are surfing websites more frequently and that is why HTML5 comes into the picture, it has the capability to facilitates smooth and consistent experience., HTML5 can greatly simplify the development of web applications (Gupta, Gupta and Chaudhary 2017).
Gradual implementation
All the modern day web browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Opera support HTML5 and latest plugins incorporate more features to the browser.
The new features of HTML5
- The strike, the centre and the font have been dropped from the traditional HTML version and HTML5 is free from those elements.
- The enhanced parsing rules enable more compatibility and enable flexible parsing.
- The features like canvas, video, section, the time has been incorporated into HTML5.
- The attributes like ping, charset and async have been included.
- The new APIs in HTML5 is capable to cater drag and drop support and offline caching.
- With the help of programs like Silverlight, with the help of Flash, HTML5 offers supports to vector graphics (Sanoja and Gançarski 2017).
- HTML5 also provides support to MathML and that is why mathematical notations are displayed well now.
- Now with the aid of HTML5 advanced support JavaSCript can be executed in the background.
- The Global attributes like id, tab index and repeat can be implied to all elements.
Advantages of HTML5 for the users
- The data can be stored on the individual’s device that means the apps can be executed on the browser without the need of any network connectivity.
- With the help of a wider array of colours, with the help of shadows the web pages can be developed to show or to display more fonts.
- The objects residing on the web page can move in reply to the cursor movements of the individuals (Li and Bao 2017).
- Games can be executed on the server and no extra software is required or any plugins are required for the same.
- The browsers can showcase attractive 3D graphics by utilising the graphics processor.
Advantages of HTML5 for the web developers
i. Error Handling
Previous versions of HTML were not capable to handle the error HTML codes in the web pages, so that is why the malformed HTML web pages must be minimized and HTML5 can prove to be an effective tool for the error handling of the web page, can prove to be an effective tool for error handling of the HTML code.
ii. Enhanced support for the web applications
HTML5 can make the browsers capable to execute web applications and that is why the websites are getting advanced and feature heavy. HTML5 offers more control to the website's performance (Jing et al 2017). Numerous JS-based hacks and the Flash utilized in HTML4 are also prevalent in HTML5 as well and this provides the agile, smooth and effective user experience.
iii. Improved elements semantics
The elements like nav, article, header and section’s semantic roles can make the scanning procedures less hectic. The improved nav, article, header and section can make the scanning method and procedures simple and easy.
iv. Maximum mobile support
The smartphones are being used widely all over the world and that is why the mobile web versions have become more demanding (Imran, Khan and Ahmad 2017). The users want more features in the mobile web versions so the developers are incorporating HTML5 features into the website as this have the capability to cater advanced flexible features and the users can now enjoy the desktop web browser features on their smartphone.
Overview of HTML and XHTML features
HTML is known to prepare structured documents that include the structural semantics like quotes, links, headings and the lists. HTML also allows incorporation of images, videos and audios to the standard web pages developed using HTML. The code snippets for HTML are written using angle brackets like <html>. The scripting language like JavaScript can be added along with the HTML codes to embrace more functionality to the website or the web page.
XHTML is basically the evolved form of HTML, and it is the incorporation of XML codes along with the HTML codes. XHTML, unlike HTML, does not allow drop down of any tags and nested tags. <br> code is allowed in HTML but it is not allowed in XHTML, </br> is allowed in XHTML (Brelsford and Gang 2017). There are multiple rules and regulations and restrictions associated with XHTML and via a declaration of DOCTYPE, the specific rules associated with XHTML can be determined which must be followed.
Features of XHTML
There are multiple features in XHTML and compared to HTML XHTML codes have certain restrictions that make the language robust and error-free. More and more complicated websites can be developed with the help of XHTML. If both the two HTML 4.01 and XHTML 1.0 are compared, then a better overview can be received. The HTML code enables numerous shortcuts and XHTML does not support those.
The elements like the opening of tags and closing of tags are allowed in case of HTML. Also in case of HTML tags, EMPTY elements are allowed to not have an end tag (Könnölä et al. 2015). However, in case of XHTML, everything is necessary ranging from opening tag to close tag. A new shortcut has been initiated and now XHTML code snippets can be opened or closed all inside the same tag like <br/>. This shortcut is not applicable in case of HTML 4.01, however, there is a solution or fix, one may include a space before closing the tag and that can serve the purpose, for example, </br />.
Advantages of XHTML
The overall usage of markup is an absolute necessity for designing and developing a website, a minimal variation can prove to be effective, it can change the interface as a whole. HTML can be used to develop a quality website and XHTML, the extension of HTML can add some more extra benefits to the websites. Now, XHTML and HTML are popularly used by the web designers and web developers.
The concept of future conversions can get enhanced greatly due to the advent of XHTML. The XHTML has the extensibility and can be incorporated with other similar markup languages. Other than that, the processing application programs of XML are capable to translate or convert any file in XHTML to any other form (World Wide Web Consortium 2014). There is another beneficial aspect the loading speed of the web page can get enhanced due to the advent of XHTML. Nowadays the websites are relatively faster due to XML incorporation to HTML.
XHTML configuration along cannot assist the development of the quality website. The selection of PSD is important for XHTML conversion service provider. At first, the design developed in PSD format must be dispersed well and they should be converted to XHTML code. The skilled web developers must take the entire responsibility to make the dispersion or the slicing of the design developed in PSD format (Kennedy and Musciano 2012). If the slicing seems perfect then they should proceed with the rest of the work. In this way, the website can be designed and maintained well.
The web designers and the developers must be careful about the coding. The loading speed of the web pages can get augmented due to the shorthand codes. The semantic coding can help to optimize the websites and the semantic coding can help to optimize the texts, images, audio and video to make the website as well as search engine user-friendly (Pfaffenberger 2012). The proper convenient PSD to XHTML conversion service can assist in optimizing the website. Therefore, the enterprises should hire coders who are skilled in PSD to XHTML conversion service.
The study highlights that HTML evolution has the capability to improvise the website development. HTML5 and XHTML and their advanced features have been highlighted in the study. The improved HTML5 and XHTML have the capability to make the user interface of the websites look good and makes the websites easy to operate.
References
Brelsford, B. and Gang, D., Perfect Sense, Inc., 2017. Automatic placement of hyperlinks on words and phrases in documents. U.S. Patent 9,697,204.
Deng, X., Wu, T., Yan, J. and Zhang, J., 2017, March. Combinatorial Testing on Implementations of HTML5 Support. In Software Testing, Verification and Validation Workshops (ICSTW), 2017 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 262-271). IEEE.
Georgiev, T., Dimitrov, H. and Georgieva, E., 2017. HTML5 BASED SYSTEM FOR MOBILE LEARNING. In The International Scientific Conference eLearning and Software for Education (Vol. 2, p. 90). " Carol I" National Defence University.
Gupta, B.B., Gupta, S. and Chaudhary, P., 2017. Enhancing the Browser-Side Context-Aware Sanitization of Suspicious HTML5 Code for Halting the DOM-Based XSS Vulnerabilities in Cloud. International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing (IJCAC), 7(1), pp.1-31.
Imran, S., Khan, A. and Ahmad, B., 2017. Text Steganography Utilizing Xml, Html And Xhtml Markup Languages. International Journal on Information Technologies & Security, 9(3).
Jing, A.N., Zhang, L., Zhang, X.C. And You, C.L., 2017. The Effect of HTML5 on Information Security. DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering, (cece).
Kennedy, B. and Musciano, C., 2012. HTML & XHTML: The Definitive Guide. O'Reilly.
Könnölä, M., Hänninen, R., Nummisalo, P. and Laakso, T., Documill Oy, 2015. Method and arrangement for paginating and previewing XHTML/HTML formatted information content.
Li, X. and Bao, Z., 2017. A comprehensive performance study of HTML5-enabled WebApps. International Journal of Embedded Systems, 9(2), pp.119-129.
Pfaffenberger, B., 2012. HTML, XHTML, and CSS Bible. John Wiley & Sons.
Sanoja, A. and Gançarski, S., 2017, September. Migrating Web Archives from HTML4 to HTML5: A Block-Based Approach and Its Evaluation. In Advances in Databases and Information Systems(pp. 375-393). Springer, Cham.
World Wide Web Consortium, 2014. HTML5 A vocabulary and associated APIs for HTML and XHTML. W3C Recommendation 28 October 2014. url: www. w3. org/TR/html5 (visited on 10/04/2015).
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